Successful management techniques for school food service managers and supervisors are highlighted. The topics discussed include: 12 ways to develop a continuing customer/student acceptance program for school lunches; 7 key questions for evaluating a food service purchasing system; 10 advantages and 4 disadvantages of centralized purchasing; 4 advantages and 5 limitations of using a central food storage facility; 12 principles for improving food service staff performance; 12 principles for food budget management by preventing waste; 12 principles of good planning; and 13 pointers for improving performances as a food service manager.(wz)

Lake Alexandrina is a small, high country lake in the South Island, New Zealand, which has a nutrient enrichment problem. The lake is highly valued for its recreational opportunities and wildlife attributes. The land use surrounding the lake includes extensive pastoral farming and three small recreational settlements. There are no point sources discharging waste into the lake, so the nutrient problem is thought to be due to either natural fluctuations or non-point sources. The latter is the main concern of this project. Phosphorus is thought to be the limiting nutrient in the lake and is therefore the focus of management actions. A phosphorus input budget is proposed to suggest the importance of particular sources of phosphorus. Management possibilities are discussed and it is concluded that the most appropriate actions involve land use controls. The uncertainty with regard to the importance of groundwater as a nutrient source makes it difficult to define the land area to be controlled. This aspect is discussed. Implications of management actions are considered in terms of information and management, farm practices, perceptions, wildlife, time delays, and economics. That more information suitable for management purposes is necessary is the major conclusion. It is felt that the community should have a greater role in management because of the lake's isolation.

This article consists of a collection of money-saving suggestions made by a wide variety of food service management personnel. Some of the ideas mentioned include: 1) let the customers serve themselves; 2) consolidate serving locations; 3) expand hospital volunteers' duties; 4) simplify recipes; 5) improve energy efficiency; 6) machine wrap sandwiches; 7) calculate food needs precisely; and study plate waste to adjust tray quantities. Twenty-six suggestions are presented in this section with helpful tips for school and hospital food services, as well as for private food enterprises.(lsp)

Concentrate supplement containing 18-20% CP and 60-70% TDN was given to the animals based on their milk production at the ratio of 1:1 (kg of concentrate/kg milk) for treatment I, 1:1.5 for treatment II and 1:2 for treatment III. Rice straw-molasses-waste mixture (RSMW) was fed ad libitum. Animals under treatment IV which served as to control were given concentrate and Napier grass following the usual feeding management of Baturraden Breeding Center. Animals under treatment I consumed significantly (P0.05) more dry matter (19.01 kg/day) than those under treatment II (15.52 kg/day), treatment III (14.7 kg/day) and treatment IV (11.7 kg/day). Milk production of the animals under treatment I was the highest among the four treatments. However, daily milk production and 120-day record showed significantly different from those under treatment III. Income over feed cost of treatment I was found to be highest among the four treatments, but not significantly different from that of treatments II and IV. The results indicate that rice straw can be utilized as the sole roughage source for dairy cows provided 1 kg concentrate supplement (18-20% CP; 60-70% TDN) is given

"En el municipio de Saltillo, Coah. se sometieron a observación por un período de ocho meses, cuatro explotaciones caprinas en dos tipos de tenencia de la tierra (particular y ejidal) y con uso de mano de obra familiar y asalariada. Se registró información general acerca del lugar, los rebaño, los responsables de los mismos y del manejo reproductivo, alimenticio y sanitario. El clima en los cuatro sitios se ubica en los tipos BS y BW y la vegetación predominante es matorral inerme y matorral espinoso. Los cuatro hatos se explotan en condiciones de pastoreo y los principales pro - ductos son cabrito y leche. Los rebaños en propiedad privada son de mayor tamaño, tienen más definido el objetivo zootécnico, controlan el des tete y el primer empadre de las hembras de reemplazo, obtienen producción de leche a través del año por la distribución de los partos y presentan mayores tasas de venta de cabritos y animales de desecho. Sin embargo uno de ellos (con mano de obra asalariada) recibe mejor manejo sanitario, alimentación complementaria, sales minerales, selección de reemplazos y vigilancia, lo que repercute en superiores índices de producción." | "In the municipality of Saltillo, Coah. four goat farms in two types of land tenure (private and ejidal) and with the use of family and salaried labor were subjected to observation for a period of eight months. General information was recorded about the place, the herds, those responsible for them and their reproductive, nutritional and sanitary management. The climate in the four sites is located in the BS and BW types and the predominant vegetation is unarmed scrub and thorny scrub. The four herds are exploited under grazing conditions and the main products are kid and milk. Herds on private property are larger, have a more defined zootechnical objective, control weaning and the first mating of replacement females, obtain milk production throughout the year from the distribution of births and they present higher rates of sale of kids and waste animals. However, one of them (with salaried labor) receives better sanitary management, complementary feeding, mineral salts, selection of replacements and surveillance, which has repercussions on higher production rates."