This study was conducted to compare the cattle and beef traceability systems between Korea and Australia. The Beef Traceability System in Korea has started from December 2008 as a mandatory system. Korean system adopted an animal identification number consisting of 12 digit numbers fitted for a bar-code system. The system also adopted DNA identity inspection scheme on breeding step, slaughtering step, processing step, and selling step. However, our system does not have National Vendor Declaration(NVD), Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) system and uniform barcording system for meat products. On the other hand, Australia has performed the traceability system since 2004 after the pilot program which was first introduced to Victoria in 1999. Australian Beef Traceability System has been operated by RFID, NVD and uniform barcoding system. RFID devices applied prior to calves leaving the property on which they were born. These RFID devices can be either ear tags or rumen bolus/ear tag combinations. NVD system has been introduced to document the history of chemical use and treatment of animals. From Australian beef traceability experiences, introducing NVD, RFID and uniform barcoding system in korea is important to extend a health-related record and save trace-back time. This paper suggests that introducing NVD, RFID and uniform barcoding system can provide information efficiently for the meat industry supply chain and maximize consumers' satisfaction.

This study was conducted to investigate the combined effect of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and Acetyl CoA Carboxylase-α (ACACA) genes on carcass traits of Korean cattle (Hanwoo). A total of 1,057 commercial Hanwoo cattle provided by the NongHyup Livestock Research Center (NLRC) and Hanwoo Performance Competition (HPC) were used to analyze the effect of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within FASN (g.11280A greater than G, g.16024A greater than G, g.16039T greater than C, and g.17924A greater than G) and one SNP within ACACA (g.2274G greater than A) genes. In addition, the effect of genotypic combinations between FASN (g.17924A greater than G) and ACACA (g.2274G greater than A) SNPs has been studied with carcass traits. Significant associations were identified between g.17924A greater than G of FASN and carcass weight and back fat, and between the ACACA gene SNP g.2274G greater than A and longissimus muscle area with HPC samples. It was also found that both effects of FASN g.17924A greater than G and ACACA g.2274G greater than A polymorphisms were consistent in NLRC samples. Combined analyses of both NLRC and HPC samples also revealed the significant associations between the FASN g.17924A greater than G and carcass weight and back fat and between the ACACA g.2274G greater than A and back fat, respectively. The effect of the genotypic combination of g.17924A greater than G within FASN and g.2274G greater than A within ACACA genes showed that the combination of both GG genotypes of FASN and ACACA SNPs causes higher carcass weight and marbling score. The results of this study indicate that the two SNP markers within the FASN and ACACA genes can be utilized to select superior Hanwoo cows and calves in commercial Hanwoo farms.

Sorghum (S. bicolor L. Moench) is a staplecommodity in several parts of the world and ranksfifth as a cereal crop in terms of production andutilization. However, the food quality of sorghumhas not yet been clearly defined, probably becauseit is not used in commercial foods to theextent that wheat, rice, and maize are utilized. Insorghum consuming areas, only limited quantitiesof the product appears in metropolitan markets,and there are few if any standards available todistinguish grain quality, which is evaluated primarilyby subjective criteria such as kernel color,appearance, size, and shape | L W Rooney, D S Murty, 'Evaluation of Sorghum Food Quality', pp.571-588, 2011

Regarding the quality in the development of software products and in engineering education of information technologies, one is unable to speak about an equipollent quality and a single quality model. Quality needs to be evaluated from different points of view, and thus, various objects – processes, intermediate results, and the end products require the assessment. A great experience of quality assurance in the software development has been obtained both on the level of the process quality and the level of the end product quality evaluation. Various quality models of software products and methods of quality evaluation have been developed. Besides the methodical and scientific publications, they are recorded in many international standards of software engineering. A voluminous description of quality requirements, models, and methods is included into the new ISO 25000 series of software standards. The definitions of quality, and approaches of quality assurance and quality improvement as well as the ways for quality understanding and control are usually discussed in the sphere of engineering education. The significance of quality evaluation and the obligation of an education institution to perform quality evaluation regularly has become a frequent topic for discussion; while the requirements of such evaluation and the implementation procedures are not specified yet. The authors of the present paper demonstrate the adaption of the software product quality models for engineering education of information technologies.

Study of conducted at Usability Consultancy of "Usability" gained the attention of many companies in 90's. This research provides that the performance of usability activities is very profitable within a software development life cycle (SDLC). This needs to be done because the cost savings from better usability arc not always directly. The first scientific goal was to find out which methods are suitable to measure costs and benefits in visible to a development organization. During the research it is investigated what kind of cost benefit calculation methods can be used to quantify usability activities in a software development process (SDLC). This research using the most suitable calculation methods found during the study, in doing this a quantification of or usability activities within the development process can be presented the field of usability engineering. The second scientific goal was to make an abstract term like usability "suitable" for a concrete quantification in dollars. This way one can find out if usability activities are beneficial to perform on a software product. The first goal was find out which of the cost benefit calculation methods can best be used to quantify their usability activities. The second goal was to quantify the usability activities of the usability consultants in terms of costs and benefits. The third goal was to give advice for the improvement or the usability activities when taking our cost benefit analysis in consideration. A goal was to give a description or how appropriate the used model was for this research.

Quality assessment of a study programme is a topical issue in the single education area. Quality is not a unequivocal term in higher education area, which lends itself to many understandings and interpretations according to different criteria. The best practice of software engineering may be applied for the study programme evaluation if by analogy it is viewed as software product. Study programme similar to software product has internal and external quality. Students as direct users of the study programme may be engaged in the evaluation of its external quality, in case the evaluation of internal quality of the study programme is mainly based on internal resources of a higher education institution. The paper provides the methodology for evaluation of external quality of a study programme based on software product quality model and quality assurance standards. Approbation of the methodology was started in 2009 at the Faculty of Information Technologies, where students evaluated external quality of undergraduate study programmes. Results obtained during the approbation lead to the conclusion that the chosen methodology ensures significant information for the enhancement of quality of a study course and simultaneously the entire study programme.

[Objective] The aim was to establish the water quality evaluation index system of freshwater aquaculture pond. [Method] The expert survey, DELPHI, field research and other methods were used. Based on the analysis of factors influencing water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond, and the importance degree of 14 factors influencing water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond was ordered. Then, five factors were selected as index to establish the water quality evaluation index system of freshwater aquaculture with the determination of thresholds of these factors. [Result] The importance degree of water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond showed an order of Dissolved oxygen pH Phytoplankton quantity Transparency Total Nitrogen Zooplankton quantity Water temperature Biochemical Oxygen Demand Water color Salinity Total hardness; according to the value of importance degree, the dissolved oxygen, pH, transparency, phytoplankton quantity and total nitrogen these five factors were selected as the index system of water quality evaluation of pond. The level of water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond was divided into five, and the tolerance range of fish to each index was obtained by expert observation. [Conclusion] This study had provided a scientific basis for water quality evaluation system of freshwater aquaculture pond.

Colour, texture and aroma are the main quality attributes of food influencing consumer acceptability of food products. Colour of the product is one of the factors affecting hedonic evaluation. Strawberry mass for a consumer is characteristic by its distinct red colour. The stability of anthocyanins becomes most significant in the case of colour quality. To investigate colour quality, it is necessary to measure colour, as well as pigment concentration. Fresh and thermally treated strawberry mass was analyzed. Formation and stability of anthocyanins, which is the main colour formation substance of berries, are determined by different factors. Anthocyanin colors can be enhanced and stabilized by the addition of different natural or artificial acidifiers. Data of the research indicate that anthocyanin amount during storage period decreases. After 2 days storage their amount increased, but afterwards decreased, both, in fresh and thermally treated mass. The taste evaluation of strawberry mass was essentially affected by the enhancers added. The aim of research was to analyze the quality parameter – colour of strawberry mass with added acidifier which further could be used in production of different products for the needs of public catering, e.g. in production of desserts. The anthocyanin content in strawberry mass with acidifiers was determined to see the organic acid impact to colour stability. Research shows, that natural enhancers – quince and sea buckthorn juices used in the research, did not substantially affect each other’s pH in the product.

"The evaluation of food quality and safety is one of the key tasks in the manufacturing process of foods and beverages as well as in their R & D. Even though food quality may depend on its hedonic aspect, its quantitative evaluation becomes more important in the food industry and academia. Fortunately, it is possible to definitely evaluate food quality, owing to the advent of some sophisticated systems, including nondestructive testing techniques and emerging technology. The aim of this book is to review and introduce the state-of-the-art technology and systems for quantitative evaluation of food quality, particularly those suitable for definite measurement of it. Also, this book will cover detecting systems for food safety because good foods relate directly to safe foods. This book has eleven chapters, including an introductory chapter to describe concept and scope of food quality parameters such as color, texture, shape and size, chemical compositions, flavor, safety, and so on. Chapters 2 to 11 deal with individual systems for quality parameters, i.e., instruments for textural and rheological properties, artificial intelligent systems for sensory evaluation, computer vision, near infrared (NIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), sonic and ultrasonic systems, multispectral and hyperspectral imaging techniques, electronic noses, biosensors, and nanotechnology in food quality and safety evaluation systems. Each chapter describes the principles related to each system and applications to foods"--

[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of three kinds of urea formaldehyde foam substrate in tall fescue establishment as well as to study on evaluation of turf quality. [Method] The visual estimates, ecological quality estimates and utility quality estimates were used as the 1st level indicators, and the density, color, texture, uniformity, green period, cover degree, biomass, emergence energy, growth rate and turf-forming time were used as the corresponding 2nd level indicators. With T. L. Sattys method Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the fuzzy synthesis evaluation method, the weight ratio of matrix was obtained and the synthetic evaluation result was accorded with facts, then it could be regarded as the satisfying value of weight. [Result] The quality of three covering soil treatments was better than that of uncovering treatment and conventional treatment, the quality synthetic evaluation of F1 was the best, which was about 0.770. [Conclusion] Urea formaldehyde foam substrate showed high quality for turf establishment, which could be further spread and applied.