Rhizopus rot disease in peach is a serious problem in dry arid climate and causes heavy loss of fruits during storage. Freshly harvested mature fruits of peach (Prunus persica (L) Batch.) cv. Shan -e-Punjab were immersed in hot water at 46, 48, 50 and 52°C for 1, 2 and 3 min in water bath. The fruits were packed in polyethylene bags (200 gauge and 0.5% opening holes) and incubated at 25° C for monitoring incidence and severity of disease. Minimum incidence of Rhizopus rot disease (58.8%)was found at 52 ° C for 2 min. Minimum infected area (2.7 cm-) was recorded at 52°C for 1 min and 50°C for 3 min. For storage studies, the fruits were treated with hot water dip and packed in polyethylene bags with three replications. The fruits were stored under cold storage condition (Temperature 2 - 4° C and R. H. 80 - 900/0).The fruit was not spoiled in the treatment 50°C for 3 min till 28 days under cold storage condition. No significant variation in firmness of the fruit was found within the treatments. However, minimum firmness force 1.63N was recorded in T13 immediately after treatment and 0.73N after 28 days of storage. The quality of the fruit was not affected after treatment.

The neuronal ceroid ipofuscinoses (NCL) are a group of heritable, neurodegenerative, storage diseases, typically with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Cytoplasmic accumulation of storage material in cells of the nervous system and, variably in other tissues, characterizes NCL. NCL has been reported in many animal species, but to the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the disease in a pig. Blindness and seizures are common clinical signs of disease, neither of which was a feature in this pig. The lesions were restricted to the central nervous system, which was diffusely affected, with the most severe lesions in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum. The histologic lesions included neuronal loss and gliosis, which contributed to mild cerebrocortical and cerebellar atrophy and accumulation of autofluorescent storage material in neurons and glial cells. The storage material had morphologic, histologic, and ultrastructural properties typical of NCL.

A neuronal storage disease affecting 5 captive Humboldt penguins is described. One bird died after 3 days of lethargy and anorexia. The 4 remaining birds died after a slowly progressing course of disease with signs that included lethargy, weakness, and neurologic dysfunction. Neurologic signs included dysphagia and ataxia. Gross lesions in the first animal to die consisted of hepatosplenomegaly indicative of avian malaria, which was confirmed histologically. The 4 remaining animals were mildly to moderately emaciated. Moderate to marked vacuolation of the neuronal perikarya was observed in Purkinje cells, neurons of the brainstem nuclei, and motorneurons of the spinal cord in all birds. By electron microscopy the vacuoles represented multilayered concentric lamellar structures. These findings were indicative of sphingolipidosis. All animals had been prophylactically treated for avian malaria, aspergillosis, and possible bacterial infections with chloroquine, itraconazole, and enrofloxacin. circumstantial evidence implicates chloroquine therapy as the possible cause of the storage disease.

During three years (2003 – 2005) carrot varieties Bolero and Maestro (Villmorin) were cultivated to study the influence of cultivation systems and harvest time on yield, carrot size and the incidence of carrot-rots after six months storage at 1°C and 92% RH. In all three years similar tendencies were observed with respect to yield and storability. Depending on the harvest time, first after 95 days, (mid-September), the losses by root disease after storage (Sclerotinia, Alternaria and or Botrytis) where highest. As later the harvest time, mid-October (125 days) or mid-November (155 days), as lower the losses after six months storage. The incidence of disease during storage varied from year to year, depending on fungal infections and root damage at harvest, as the results from 2004 show. In addition, there were indications that soil temperature and the dry substance of the harvested carrots have an influence on the occurrence of root disease. With prolonged growing period, at a sowing density of 100 seed per meter (approximately 60 carrots per meter) the number of oversized carrot roots increase. Following the results obtained in the three successive years, it is concluded that carrots should not be harvested before mid-October, when sown in June.

A 5-day-old Japanese black calf was necropsied and intracytoplasmic vacuolations were histologically observed in many tissues. In the central nervous system, intracytoplasmic inclusions and vacuoles were found in neuronal cells. Intracytoplasmic inclusions were more conspicuous in the nuclei containing large nerve cells, especially in the brain stem and spinal cord. These inclusions were stained weak positive to positive with alcian blue, Giemsa, Luxol fast blue and periodic acid-Schiff stains but not with oil red O. Ultrastructurally, neuronal inclusions were observed in lysosomes and consisted of an amorphous electron-dense substance and occasional membranous structures. These findings seem to differ from the cases of bovine lysosomal diseases that have been reported, and this case may be another type of lysosomal storage disease.

The inherently short shelf life of 'carabao' mango fruits limits its market to which it can be shipped in fresh form. Keeping fruits under low O2 and /or high CO2, called controlled atmosphere (CA), extended the storage life for almost one month. However, the major problems with the long term storage are quality deterioration and high incidence of disease. This study was conducted to develop a pre and post harvest management protocol that will maintain the quality and control diseases of mango during the 29-day stationary commercial CA storage upon exposure to air. An integrated cultural and disease management (IDM) program was implemented by Project 1 in an orchard in Pagasinan, [Philippines] consisting of pruning, sanitation, fertilization, growth regulation and need-based fungicide spray. Mangoes produced following the farmer's practice (FP) of calender-based spray program serves as control. Post harvest quality management activities include maturity check, field grading, use of rigid plastic crates for transport, timely application of heat treatment and precooling. Mangoes (5-5.8 tons) were packed in 5-kg cartons and stored in commercial CA van for 28-29 days at 12.5-13 deg C with O2 and CO2 maintained at 6% and 4%, respectively. Post-CA holding consisted of keeping fruits at different temperatures (25 deg, 20 deg, 17 deg and 14 deg C) simulating the conditions of importing countries. In the first trial wherein fruits were harvested during the early season (February), anthracnose and stem-end-rot were not adequately controlled during and after CA storage even with the combined pre-and post harvest disease management strategies employed. The post harvest heat treatment only reduced the incidence of disease. In the second trial where adjustment in the pre harvest fungicide spray program was employed and where fruits were produced during the hot month of May, both post harvest diseases were completely controlled during the 29-day CA storage. During ripening on air (post-CA), the desired disease level of 0-2% was attained up to the 5th day in fruits form IDM farm subjected to 7 min-dip at 53 deg C or 30-60 sec dip at 59 deg C. The control (nm-heat-treated) fruits had 18-20% disease incidence at the ripe stage. Storage under CA significantly retarded the ripening of the mango fruits for 28-29 days. The fruits attained the table ripe stage after 3 days exposure in air (post -CA) either at 25 deg, 20 deg, 17 deg or 14 deg C with shelf life extended for 3-4 days more after the attainment of the table ripe stage. Mangoes were of good quality and highly marketable after CA storage and even during holding in air at different temperature mainly due to the absence or very slight decay. Discoloration, shriveling, chilling injury and internal breakdown were absent. The pre- and post harvest management strategies employed did not affect the physico-chemical as well as the sensory attributes of the fruits at the ripe stage. The two commercial trials demonstrated that the success of CA storage relies on the integration of pre- and post harvest management strategies to maintain quality and control decay during and after CA holding. With this, the Philippines can now access through less costly sea shipment the potential but distant markets of Europe, North America and Middle East.

Aspergillus niger Van Tieghem and Penicillium digitatum Sacc, are the predominant fungal pathogens associated with storage diseases of onion (Allium cepa L.) causing black and blue mold respectively. A study was conducted to investigate the effect of pre-harvest spray of fungicides and botanicals on post harvest diseases. Onion plants were sprayed with systemic, non-systemic fungicides and botanicals at 30, 20 and 10 days before harvest with a control (water spray). The harvested bulbs were artificially inoculated with A. niger and P. digitatum following pinprick method and stored for three months under ambient condition (27±10 C). Percent disease reduction over control were recorded at fortnightly interval. Against black mold, carbendazim 0.1% (Bavistin) recorded maximum of 93.20 percent reduction in disease 15 days after storage (DAS) and 56.91 percent at 90 DAS. SAFF and benomyl (Benlate) provided complete protection against blue mold till 15 DAS, but after 90 DAS, they showed 75.54 and 73.57 percent control respectively. Pongamia oil gave the least reduction of 0.58 and 8.19 percent against black mold and blue mold respectively. However, the disease incidence increased with increase in duration of storage irrespective of the treatments.

冬枣贮期主要病害是浆胞病,经病原菌鉴定,属半知菌类交链孢霉菌。-2℃的低温只能抑制而不能终止该菌的生长。pH值在5~9的范围内,菌落生长和孢子繁殖良好,pH值低于5和高于9时生长缓慢;在含有3.0 mg/mL壳聚糖的PDA培养基上,病原菌菌落生长抑制率可达88.23%,将其浓度与菌落直径抑制率分别取对数后,二者存在正相关性,相关系数R=0.964 6;臭氧和减压均能抑制该病原菌孢子的繁殖,臭氧浓度为300mg/m3时对孢子繁殖抑制率达75.80%,40 kPa的压力对孢子繁殖抑制率为59.22%。

Fusarium basal rot (FBR), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae, is a soilborne fungal disease that affects bulb onions (Allium cepa) worldwide. Winter-sown onion cultivars that are resistant to FBR are lacking. The goal of this project was to screen winter-sown onion germplasm for FBR resistance using a mature-bulb field screening at harvest and after 4 weeks in storage. The project was conducted for 2 years, and in each year, 22 winter-sown onion lines were grown in a field known to produce a high incidence of FBR-infected bulbs. At maturity, the basal plates of 20 randomly selected bulbs were cut transversely and each plate was scored for disease severity on a scale of 1 (no diseased tissue) to 9 (70% or more diseased tissue). Bulbs were stored and scored again at 4 weeks after harvest. Severity and incidence increased in storage for both years. NMSU 99-30, 'NuMex Arthur', and 'NuMex Jose Fernandez' showed the lowest disease severities and incidences in both years. For fields that produce a high incidence of FBR-infected bulbs, these cultivars could be grown with less loss to FBR at harvest and after storage than more FBR-susceptible cultivars. When developing FBR-resistant cultivars, breeding lines should be evaluated over multiple years and bulbs should be stored for 4 weeks before being screened.

Penicillium expansum is one of the most important pathogens that cause blue mold in stored apples. Due to the development of resistance to the postharvest fungicide, thiabendazole (TBZ), an increase in blue mold has been observed in apple storages. The sensitivity of three TBZ-sensitive and three TBZ-resistant isolates of P. expansum to diphenylamine (DPA), scald inhibitor, was tested in vitro. Of the 94 isolates, collected later in the storage season, 41% were found resistant to both DPA and TBZ. To manage the fungicide resistance, a reduced-risk fungicide, fludioxonil, was tested against blue mold caused by TBZ-sensitive and -resistant P. expansum on 'McIntosh' apples treated with or without 1000 microgram ml(-1) of diphenylamine. Fruit were assessed for disease and scald incidence during storage. Diphenylamine controlled scald in treated fruit. Higher disease incidence of blue mold was observed in apples treated with diphenylamine and low concentrations of fludioxonil (3, 5, and 75 microgram ml(-1)). DPA neither positively nor negatively affected the control of blue mold when DPA was applied together with 150, 300 and 600 microgram ml(-1) of fludioxonil during 12 weeks of storage at 4 degrees C.