A pneumatic oscillating Chinese wolfberry harvester was designed to improve the efficiency of manual harvesting and minimize fruit damage by mechanical harvesting. The shedding model of Chinese wolfberry under pneumatic forces was established based on kinetic analysis, and the flow field characteristics were investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The position and shape of the fan outlet were determined by comparing the effects of a linear reduction outlet and a Laval reduction outlet on the outlet airflow rate. The size of the oscillating mechanism was optimized with nonlinear constraints to achieve uniform oscillation of the airflow. A three-factor, three-level orthogonal test was conducted on the NingQi 7 wolfberry variety. The flow rate at the outlet, the oscillation frequency, and the outlet distance were the test factors, and the net harvesting rate of ripe fruits, the harvesting rate of green fruits, and the damage rate of ripe fruits were the test indices. The results showed that the net harvesting rate of ripe fruits was 85.21% at an outlet distance of 10 cm, an outlet flow rate of 70 m·s⁻¹, and an oscillation frequency of 2 Hz. This study provides references for the design of pneumatic harvesters for Chinese wolfberry.

A pneumatic oscillating Chinese wolfberry harvester was designed to improve the efficiency of manual harvesting and minimize fruit damage by mechanical harvesting. The shedding model of Chinese wolfberry under pneumatic forces was established based on kinetic analysis, and the flow field characteristics were investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The position and shape of the fan outlet were determined by comparing the effects of a linear reduction outlet and a Laval reduction outlet on the outlet airflow rate. The size of the oscillating mechanism was optimized with nonlinear constraints to achieve uniform oscillation of the airflow. A three-factor, three-level orthogonal test was conducted on the NingQi 7 wolfberry variety. The flow rate at the outlet, the oscillation frequency, and the outlet distance were the test factors, and the net harvesting rate of ripe fruits, the harvesting rate of green fruits, and the damage rate of ripe fruits were the test indices. The results showed that the net harvesting rate of ripe fruits was 85.21% at an outlet distance of 10 cm, an outlet flow rate of 70 m·s⁻¹, and an oscillation frequency of 2 Hz. This study provides references for the design of pneumatic harvesters for Chinese wolfberry.