Uji Efektivitas Pupuk Organik dan Pupuk Kimia pada Tanaman Kakao di Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan IPB | Testing the Effectiveness of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers on Cacao Plants in the Cikabayan IPB Experimental Garden

Produksi kakao Indonesia mengalami penurunan produktivitas dalam tahun-tahun terakhir. Pemberian kombinasi pupuk organik dan pupuk kimia berpotensi meningkatkan produktivitas kakao. Penelitian bertujuan menguji efektivitas penggunaan pupuk organik dan pupuk kimia pada produksi buah tanaman kakao di Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan IPB. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) faktor tunggal, yaitu jenis pupuk, meliputi tujuh taraf (dosis g pohon–1 tahun–1), yaitu P0 (kontrol), P1 (petroganik 500 g), P2 (NPK phonska 300 g), P3 (urea 220 g, SP-36 180 g, KCl 170 g), P4 (petroganik 250 g, NPK phonska 150 g), P5 (petroganik 250 g, SP-36 90 g, KCl 85 g), dan P6 (petroganik 250 g, NPK phonska 150 g, SP-36 90 g, KCl 85 g). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pemupukan terbaik, yaitu P3 (urea 220 g, SP-36 180 g, KCl 170 g) pada jumlah pentil, P5 (petroganik 250 g, SP-36 90 g, KCl 85 g) pada jumlah bantalan bunga, dan P6 (petroganik 250 g, NPK phonska 150 g, SP-36 90 g, KCl 85 g) pada jumlah bantalan bunga mekar 2. Perlakuan P6 (petroganik 250 g, NPK phonska 150 g, SP-36 90 g, KCl 85 g) 226,6% efektif secara agronomi meningkatkan produksi buah kakao dibandingkan pupuk standar terhadap kontrol.

Cocoa production in Indonesia has faced a decline in productivity in recent years. The application of a combination of organic and chemical fertilizers has the potential to increase cocoa productivity. The study aims to test the effectiveness of organic and chemical fertilizers on cocoa fruit production at the Cikabayan IPB Experimental Garden. The experiment used randomized completed block design (RCBD) with a single factor, which is the type of fertilizer, consisting of seven levels (doses g tree–1 year–1), namely P0 (control), P1 (petroganic 500 g), P2 (NPK phonska 300 g), P3 (urea 220 g, SP-36 180 g, KCl 170 g), P4 (petroganic 250 g, NPK phonska 150 g), P5 (petroganic 250 g, SP-36 90 g, KCl 85 g), and P6 (petroganic 250 g, NPK phonska 150 g, SP-36 90 g, KCl 85 g). This study shows that the best fertilization treatments are P3 (urea 220 g, SP-36 180 g, KCl 170 g) for the number of pods, P5 (petroganic 250 g, SP-36 90 g, KCl 85 g) for the number of flower cushions, and P6 (petroganic 250 g, NPK Phonska 150 g, SP-36 90 g, KCl 85 g) for the number of blooming flower cushions. Treatment P6 (petroganic 250 g, NPK Phonska 150 g, SP-36 90 g, KCl 85 g) is 226.6% effective agronomically in increasing cocoa fruit production compared to standard fertilizers against the control.