CREATING SOURCE MATERIAL BLACK CURRANT (R. NIGRUM L.) IN YAKUTIA

The purpose of the research is to create a new source breeding material for black currant by interspecific crosses in Yakutia. Research problem: 1. Conduct hybridization of Altai varieties with local varieties of black currant; 2. Analyze the results of interspecific crosses of black currant. The article presents the results of work on the creation of a selection material of black currant by the method of interspecific distant crosses in the conditions of Yakutia. The studies were held in the fruit and berry nursery of the Yakutsk Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture named after M.G. Safronovin 2018-2020. The climate of the region is sharply continental. Summers are short and dry. The condition of weather was favorable during the period of the experiments. Hybridization was carried in of June in the morning. 10 varieties of Altai and 6 varieties of local selection were used in hybridization. Local varieties are based on the wild forms of R. dikuscha Fisch. exTurcz., R. pauciflorum Turcz. Ex Pojark. And R. procumbens Pall. 55 combinations of crossing were held. Most of the combinations of crossing black currants (76.2%) had a percentage of berry setting of more 50, which confirms the promise of breeding work based on interspecific hybrids. Percent of hybrid berries was 52.4-69.8 when pollinated by varieties of local selection as paternal forms. The berry setting was high (76.7-80.5%) for pollination of the varieties Hercules, Natasha and PodarokKuzioru. Variety Lucia has shown itself as the best pollinator for varieties Podarok Kuzioru, Gercules, Ksyusha and Nika (85.2-91.9% of berry setting); Yakutskaya - varieties Ksyusha, Hercules and Sharovidnaya (83.8-97%); Khara Kytalyk - varieties Natasha, Ksyusha and Altayskaya late (83.8-97%);Pamyati Kyndyla - varieties Altaiskaya pozdnyaya, Harmoniya and Podarok Kuzioru (76.9-89.4%); Muruchana - Gercules variety (81.5%); Erkeni - for the variety Podarok Kuzioru (97.8%). High seed productivity of berries was noted in crossing combinations – Podarok Kuzioru× Erkeeni, Hercules × Pamyati Kyndyla and Ksyusha × Yakutskaya (60.6-66.0 pcs.). The obtained research results will be used in further breeding work to create new varieties of black currant in Yakutia.