Formation of broad-leaved forests in conditions of intensive recreation

Broad-leaved forests, being the dominant formation in the Pre Urals, occupy large areas and perform protective functions. Long-term anthropogenic pressing, recreation, and climate instability have significantly influenced their reproduction, contributing to the emergence of many variants of derived forests, which are represented by mixed, multi-age stands with a multi- species floristic composition. Formation, growth and development of forest stands and other forest components occur in conditions of intensive recreation. As a result, the protective and environmental forests functions are reduced, the territory ecological balance is disturbed in a whole. The majority of broad-leaved forests in the Pre-Urals are represented by mature and over-mature stands, where natural regenerative processes are violated, forest communities are transformed and their composition is simplified. Oak and oak-lime forests are particularly intensively involved in this process, whose area has been reduced by half in the last few decades. Changes in the species composition are taking place, the share of oak in it is decreasing, linden and norway maple are leading. This problem is not fully covered by research in the region, especially regarding the new formations forming in places where rapid changes of vegetation occur. In this regard, the aim of the research was to in assessing condition forest components, the species composition dynamics allowing to identify the features and structural transformations of broad-leaved forests associated with the regenerative dynamics disturbance, forest stands aging at the formation stage in conditions of intensive recreation The information on the dynamics species composition of broad-leaved forests makes it possible to approach the solution of problems of optimization forest use and preserving the unique forestlands of the broad-leaved forest.