Antibacterial Activities of Prenylated Isoflavones from Maclura tricuspidata against Fish Pathogenic Streptococcus: Their Structure-Activity Relationships and Extraction Optimization
Jae-Woong Lim; Yang Hee Jo; Ji-Seok Choi; Mi Kyeong Lee; Ki Yong Lee; So Young Kang
Streptococcus zoonotic bacteria cause serious problems in aquaculture with clinical effects on humans. A structure-antibacterial activity relationships analysis of 22 isoflavones isolated from M. tricuspidata (leaves, ripe fruits, and unripe fruits) against S. iniae revealed that prenylation of the isoflavone skeleton was an important key for their antibacterial activities (minimum inhibitory concentrations: 1.95&ndash:500 &mu:g/mL). Through principal component analysis, characteristic prenylated isoflavones such as 6,8-diprenlygenistein (4) were identified as pivotal compounds that largely determine each part&rsquo:s antibacterial activities. M. tiricuspidata ripe fruits (MTF), which showed the highest antibacterial activity among the parts tested, were optimized for high antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity on fathead minnow cells using Box&ndash:Behnken design. Optimized extraction conditions were deduced to be 50%/80 °:C/7.5 h for ethanol concentration/extraction temperature/time, and OE-MTF showed contents of 6,8-diprenlygenistein (4), 2.09% with a MIC of 40 µ:g/mL. These results suggest that OE-MTF and its active isoflavones have promising potential as eco-friendly antibacterial agents against streptococcosis in aquaculture.
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