Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Comprehensive Smoke-Free Legislation in Indoor Public Places in Shanghai, China
2019
Yanxia Wei | Ron Borland | Pinpin Zheng | Hua Fu | Fan Wang | Jingyi He | Yitian Feng
This study evaluated compliance with the comprehensive smoke-free law in public indoor places introduced in Shanghai in March 2017. Observations and PM2.5 monitoring over 30 min intervals in 8 types of the venue were conducted three times: within a month before implementation and 3- and 12-months post implementation. Observations of evidence of smoking decreased from 66.2% before legislation to 52.8% three months after (p = 0.002) and 49.7% one year after (p <: 0.001). The density of lit cigarettes also reduced significantly after implementation (p <: 0.001). When adjusting for outdoor, indoor PM2.5 levels were significantly lower after the legislation, but only by a small amount (three months later: &minus:0.27, p = 0.08: one year later: &minus:0.12: p = 0.03). Evidence of compliance was weakest in farmer&rsquo:s markets and bars, and smoking in male toilets did not change significantly. The reduction in smoking was affected by the management performance of their obligations. The comprehensive smoke-free law led to modest reductions in smoking and PM2.5 levels as a result, but from levels suggesting quite high levels of pre-compliance. However, compliance was limited in some areas, suggesting more effort is required on management to gain better compliance in some places like farmer&rsquo:s markets, bars, and toilets.
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