Geochemical Composition, Source and Geothermometry of Thermal Water in the Bugok Area, South Korea
2022
Chanho Jeong | Yujin Lee | Yongcheon Lee | Sangwon Ahn | Keisuke Nagao
Thermal water from the hot springs around Bugok, South Korea, has the highest discharge temperature (78 °:C), and the source of that heat is of primary interest. The key 3He/4He ratio runs along a single air-mixing line between the mantle and the crust, with the latter accounting for 97.0&ndash:97.3%. This suggests that the thermal source is radioactive decay in granodiorite, rock that intruded beneath the Cetaceous era sedimentary rock. Thermal water containing Na&ndash:HCO3 (SO4) evolved geochemically from stream water and groundwater containing Ca&ndash:HCO3. With respect to &delta:34S, there are two types of thermal water: low temperature with low &delta:34S (&minus:3.00~+1.00&permil:), and high temperature with high &delta:34S (+4.60~+15.0&permil:), which is enriched by the kinetic fractionation of H2S. The thermal water samples, except for a few, reached partial chemical equilibrium. The thermal reservoir temperatures were estimated as in the range of 90&ndash:126 °:C by the K&ndash:Mg geothermometer of Giggenbach and the thermodynamic equilibrium of quartz and muscovite. This study suggests a conceptual model for the formation of geothermal water, including the thermal reservoir in the Bugok area.
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