Does Molimina Indicate Ovulation? Prospective Data in a Hormonally Documented Single-Cycle in Spontaneously Menstruating Women
2018
Jerilynn C. Prior | Chiaki Konishi | Christine L. Hitchcock | Elaine Kingwell | Patti Janssen | Anthony P. Cheung | Nichole Fairbrother | Azita Goshtasebi
Approximately 33% of normal-length (21&ndash:35 days) cycles have subclinical ovulatory disturbances and lack sufficient progesterone, although their normal length ensures enough estrogen. Subclinical ovulatory disturbances are related to significant premenopausal spine bone loss (&minus:0.86%/year). Molimina, non-distressing premenstrual experiences, may detect ovulation within normal-length cycles. This prospective study assessed the relationship between molimina and ovulation. After 1-cycle of daily diary and first morning urine collections, women answered the Molimina Question (MQ): &ldquo:Can you tell by the way you feel that your period is coming?&rdquo: and were invited to share (a) predictive premenstrual experience(s). A 3-fold increase in follicular-luteal pregnanediol levels confirmed ovulation. In 610 spontaneously menstruating women (not on hormonal contraception, mean age 31.5 ±: 5.3, menarche age 12.7 ±: 1.5, cycle length [CL] 29 days, MQ positive in 89%), reported premenstrual experiences which included negative moods (62%), cramps (48%), bloating (39%), and front (26%) or axillary (25%) breast tenderness. Of 432 women with pregnanediol-documented cycles, 398 (92%) were ovulatory (CL: 29 ±: 5) and 34 (8%) had ovulatory disturbances (CL: 32 ±: 14). Women with/without ovulatory cycles were similar in parity, body mass index, smoking, dietary restraint and the MQ: ovulatory-disturbed cycles were longer. Molimina did not confirm ovulation. A non-invasive, inexpensive ovulation indicator is needed to prevent osteoporosis.
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