Decreased Circulating Red Cell Mass Induced by Intravenous Acepromazine Administration Alters Viscoelastic and Traditional Plasma Coagulation Testing Results in Healthy Horses
2024
Ina Mersich | Rebecca C. Bishop | Sandra Diaz Yucupicio | Ana D. Nobrega | Scott M. Austin | Anne M. Barger | Meghan E. Fick | Pamela Anne Wilkins
Coagulopathy is common in equine critical illness, with its early recognition being crucial for patient management and prognosis. In vitro viscoelastic (VE) hypercoagulability with decreased RCM/PCV has been demonstrated in dogs but not horses. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of acepromazine-induced (0.1 mg/kg IV) decreased RCM on VE and plasma coagulation parameters using a prospective interventional study of eight adult horses. Complete blood count (CBC), fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), packed cell volume (PCV), total solids (TS), and VCM Vet&trade: VE testing performed at baseline (T0), 1 h (T1), and 12 h (T2) post acepromazine administration. Splenic volume was determined ultrasonographically. The results were analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey&rsquo:s post hoc HSD test to determine the effect of time (sample). PCV decreased 13% points following acepromazine administration from T0 to T1 (p <: 0.001), remaining decreased at T2 (p <: 0.001). Splenic volume increased from T0 to T1 (p = 0.04) and was not different from baseline at T2. Maximal clot formation (MCF) increased from T0 (p = 0.03). PTT decreased from T0 to T1 and increased at T2 (p = 0.03). No other coagulation parameters were significantly altered. This study demonstrates a non-inflammatory acute model of anemia in horses that impacts VE and plasma-based testing.
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