Knowledge and Consumption Patterns of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Among the Central Balkan Population—A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study

Omega-3 fatty acids (&omega:-3-FAs) represent a group of essential nutrients, but modern diets often do not allow for a balanced ratio between the intakes of &omega:-6-FA and &omega:-3-FA, which is vital for health. &omega:-3-FA can be found primarily in algae and fish, while the intake of &omega:-3-FA dietary supplements can be seen as an efficient way of providing nutrients important for many physiological functions. Background/Objectives: The aim of this research was to investigate the use of &omega:-3-FA-rich food and supplements, as well as the knowledge and attitudes on these nutrients among residents of the central Balkans&mdash:the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Srpska. Methods: The research was performed as a prospective, cross-section, online survey. Results: A total of 895 responses were collected, with relatively high usage of &omega:-3-FA supplements (34.2%). It was found that the respondents use these supplements due to inadequate dietary intake, but also in therapy or prevention of certain diseases and conditions. Users take the supplements on a regular basis, although for short periods of time. The respondents reported the dietary intake of food rich in &omega:-3-FA. It was found that more than half of parents give these supplements to their children, with similar purposes, although more frequently and for longer periods of time. The use of &omega:-3-FA via supplements in pregnant and breastfeeding women is also present. Conclusions: The residents of the investigated territory seem to have an awareness of the importance of &omega:-3-FA use, with its consumption being registered in both the general population and specific subpopulations. Future steps would include further promotion and education on the given topic.