Genetic Diversity and Population Structural Analysis of Areca catechu Revealed by Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers
2025
Lan Qi | Miaohua He | Sirong Jiang | Huanqi Zhou | Fan Liu | Sajid Mehmood | Liyun Huang | Zhiqiang Xia
The areca nut (Areca catechu L.) is a prominent tropical and subtropical crop of economic importance renowned for its significant medicinal value. It is recognized as one of the most prominent components of the four traditional Southern Chinese medicines. However, the lack of comprehensive genetic diversity data and reliable molecular markers has posed challenges in assessing and improving the areca nut germplasm for breeding programs. This study analyzed 196 areca nut materials, employing 40,173 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to evaluate the genetic relationships among the samples. Population structure analysis identified three distinct groups based on the optimal K-value, with the principal component analysis (PCA) results consistent with the results of population structure division. A phylogenetic tree constructed using the neighbor-joining method revealed clear separations among the samples based on their geographic origins. The nucleotide diversity (&pi:) values ranged from 2.46 ×: 10&minus:5 to 5.71 ×: 10&minus:5, indicating limited genetic diversity within the areca nut population. The pairwise population differentiation index (Fst) revealed moderate genetic differentiation among the groups. The discovery of these SNPs will be helpful for areca nut conservation and utilization. The results of this study indicate the limited genetic diversity within areca nut germplasm resources, providing insights for management and breeding.
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