An Oral Glucose Load Decreases Postprandial Extracellular Vesicles in Obese Adults with and without Prediabetes
2019
Natalie Z. M. Eichner | Nicole M. Gilbertson | Luca Musante | Sabrina La Salvia | Arthur Weltman | Uta Erdbrügger | Steven K. Malin
Although extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a novel biomediator of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), the effects of hyperglycemia on EVs in humans is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) would promote changes in EVs in relation to CVD risk. Twenty-five obese adults (Age: 52.4 ±: 3.2 year, BMI: 32.5 ±: 1.2 kg/m2) were screened for normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 8) and prediabetes (PD, n = 17) using American Diabetes Association criteria (75 g OGTT and/or HbA1c). Body composition (bioelectrical impedance) and fitness (VO2peak) were measured. Arterial stiffness (augmentation index: AIx) was measured at 0, 60- and 120-min while insulin, glucose, and free fatty acids were evaluated every 30 min during the OGTT to assess CVD risk. Annexin V positive (AV+) and Annexin V negative (AV&minus:) total EVs, platelet EVs (CD31+/CD41+: CD41+), leukocyte EVs (CD45+: CD45+/CD41&minus:), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) (CD31+) and endothelial EVs (CD 31+/CD41&minus:: CD105+) were collected at 0 and 120 min. There were no differences in age, BMI, or body fat between NGT and PD (all P >: 0.63). Total EVs, AV+ CD31+ (PECAM), and AV+ CD31+/CD41&minus: (endothelial) EVs decreased after the OGTT (P &le: 0.04). Circulating insulin at 2-h correlated with elevated post-prandial AV&minus: CD45+ (r = 0.48, P = 0.04) while arterial stiffness related to reduced total EVs (r = &minus:0.49, P = 0.03) and AV+ CD41+ (platelet) (r = &minus:0.52, P = 0.02). An oral glucose load lowers post-prandial total, platelet, and endothelial EVs in obese adults with NGT and prediabetes in relation to CVD risk.
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