Spray-Dried Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Planch (Cannabaceae) Extract: Building Evidence for Its Therapeutic Potential in Pain and Inflammation Management
2025
Kátia Regina Ribeiro | Rúbia Bellard e Silva | João Paulo Costa Rodrigues | Mairon César Coimbra | Laura Jéssica Pereira | Emmilly de Oliveira Alves | Flávio Martins de Oliveira | Marx Osório Araújo Pereira | Eric de Souza Gil | Carlos Alexandre Carollo | Nadla Soares Cassemiro | Camile Aparecida da Silva | Pablinny Moreira Galdino de Carvalho | Flávia Carmo Horta Pinto | Renan Diniz Ferreira | Zakariyya Muhammad Bello | Edilene Santos Alves de Melo | Marina Andrade Rocha | Ana Gabriela Silva | Rosy Iara Maciel Azambuja Ribeiro | Adriana Cristina Soares | Renê Oliveira do Couto
Celtis iguanaea, widely used in Brazilian folk medicine, is known for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant capacity and the in vivo antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the standardized spray-dried Celtis iguanaea hydroethanolic leaf extract (SDCi). Phytochemical analysis showed that SDCi contains 21.78 ±: 0.82 mg/g polyphenols, 49.69 ±: 0.57 mg/g flavonoids, and 518.81 ±: 18.02 mg/g phytosterols. UFLC-DAD-MS identified iridoid glycosides, p-coumaric acid glycosides, flavones, and unsaturated fatty acids. Antioxidant assays revealed an IC50 of 301.6 ±: 38.8 µ:g/mL for DPPH scavenging and an electrochemical index of 6.1 &mu:A/V. In vivo, SDCi (100&ndash:1000 mg/kg, p.o) did not impair locomotor function (rotarod test) but significantly reduced acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing and both phases of the formalin test at higher doses (300 and 1000 mg/kg). The antinociceptive effects were independent of &alpha:-2 adrenergic receptors. SDCi also increased latency in the hot-plate test and reduced paw edema in the carrageenan model, accompanied by decreased IL-1&beta: and increased IL-10 levels. Histological analysis showed a 50% reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration. These findings support SDCi as an effective anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive phytopharmaceutical intermediate, with potential applications in managing pain and inflammation.
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