A Hyperspectral Method for Detection of the Three-Dimensional Spatial Distribution of Aerosol in Urban Areas for Emission Source Identification and Health Risk Assessment
2025
Shun Xia | Qihua Li | Jian Chen | Zhiguo Zhang | Qihou Hu
Studying the vertical and horizontal distribution of particulate matter at the hectometer scale in the atmosphere is essential for understanding its sources, transportation, and transmission and its impact on human health. In this study, a method was developed based on hyperspectral instrumentation to obtain both vertical and horizontal distributions of aerosol extinction by employing multiple azimuth angles, selecting optimized elevation angles, and reducing the acquisition time of individual spectra. This method employed observations from different azimuth angles to represent particulate matter concentrations in various directions. The correlation coefficient between the hyperspectral observations and in-situ measurement was 0.627. Observations indicated that the aerosol extinction profile followed an exponential decay, with most aerosols confined below 1 km, implying a likely origin from local near-surface emissions. The horizontal distribution indicated that the northeastern urban areas and the eastern rural areas were the primary regions with high concentrations of particulate matter. The observational evidence suggests the presence of two potential emission sources within the study area. Moreover, health risk results indicated that even within the same town, differences of particulate matter concentration and population density could lead to varying health exposure risks. For instance, in the 200°: and 210°: directions, which represent adjacent urban areas less than 1 km apart, the number of PM2.5-related illness cases in the 210°: direction was 20.83% higher than that in the 200°: direction.
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