Long-Range Plume Transport from Brazilian Burnings to Urban São Paulo: A Remote Sensing Analysis
2025
Gabriel Marques da Silva | Mateus Fernandes Rodrigues | Laura Silva Pelicer | Gregori de Arruda Moreira | Alexandre Cacheffo | Fábio Juliano da Silva Lopes | Luisa D’Antola de Mello | Giovanni Souza | Eduardo Landulfo
In 2024, Brazil experienced record-breaking wildfire activity, underscoring the escalating influence of climate change. This study examines the long-range transport of wildfire-generated aerosol plumes to Sã:o Paulo, combining multi-platform observations to trace their origin and properties. During August and September&mdash:a period marked by intense fire outbreaks in Pará: and Mato Grosso do Sul&mdash:lidar measurements performed at Sã:o Paulo detected pronounced aerosol plumes. To investigate their source and characteristics, we integrated data from the Earth Cloud Aerosol and Radiation Explorer (EarthCARE) satellite, HYSPLIT back-trajectory modeling, and ground-based AERONET and Raman lidar measurements. Aerosol properties were derived from aerosol optical depth (AOD), Å:ngströ:m exponent, and lidar ratio (LR) retrievals. Back-trajectory analysis identified three transport pathways originating from active fire zones, with coinciding AOD values (0.7&ndash:1.1) and elevated LR (60&ndash:100 sr), indicative of dense smoke plumes. Compositional analysis revealed a significant black carbon component, implicating wildfires near Corumbá: (Mato Grosso do Sul) and Sã:o Fé:lix do Xingu (Pará:) as probable emission sources. These findings highlight the efficacy of satellite-based lidar systems, such as Atmospheric Lidar (ATLID) onboard EarthCARE, in atmospheric monitoring, particularly in data-sparse regions where ground instrumentation is limited.
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