Passing Protective Measure of Property of Craft Deprivation | IZRICANJE ZAŠTITNE MJERE ODUZIMANJA VLASNIŠTVA PLOVILA

U dijelu jedanaestom Pomorskog zakonika sadržane su odredbe koje se odnose na pomorske prekršaje, i u odnosu prema prethodnom Zakoniku sankcije su znatno pooštrene. Pojedini prekršaji kategorizirani su prema težini povrede zaštićenog dobra i visini kazne, a za neka prekršajna djela Pomorski zakonik, uz novčanu kaznu, određuje i izricanje zaštitne mjere oduzimanje plovila. Tako je za svako neovlašteno iznajmljivanje plovila, to jest za obavljanje tzv. crnog chartera, predviđena novčana kazna i mjera oduzimanja plovila.Pojedine odluke Ustavnog suda Republike Hrvatske, donesene u postupku povodom ustavnih tužba radi zaštite ustavno zajamčenog prava vlasništva, otvorile su više veoma zanimljivih pitanja, i to ne samo s pomorskopravnoga nego i s kaznenopravnog i ustavnopravnog aspekta. U članku se kritički analiziraju pojedine zakonske odredbe i određeni podzakonski pomorski propisi, naputci i mišljenja, te i njihova (ne)usklađenost s propisima EU iz ovoga područja, s posebnim osvrtom na većinsko stajalište iz izdvojenih mišljenja ustavnih sudaca u navedenim odlukama Ustavnog suda Republike Hrvatske.

In the Section 11 of Maritime Code there are provisions relating to marine offences and in comparison to previous Code, the sanctions have become significantly stricter. Specific offences have been classified in accordance to the extent of damage of protected property and the amount of penalty. Some offences, according to Maritime Code are sanctioned by protective measures of capturing the craft. Thus, any unauthorized renting of craft i. e. “black charter” requires pecuniary penalty and measure of capturing the craft.Specific Decisions of The Republic of Croatia have been made in the procedure on the occasion of Constitutional charges for the protection of constitutionally predicted right to the property, which gave rise to some very interesting questions, not only from point of view of maritime law, but from point of view of criminal and constitutional law. The paper has analysed critically specific legal provisions and special maritime sub-acts, maritime regulations, instructions and opinions, as well as their (non)compliance with the regulations of EU from this area with special attention to the standpoint of the majority and separated opinions of Constitutional Judges in the quoted decisions of The Constitution of The Republic of Croatia.