Photosynthetic basis for wheat crop improvement in the new millenium
2001
Kershanskaya, O.I. (Institute of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Bioengineering, Almaty, 45 Timiryasev Str., 480090 (Kazakstan))
An integral complex approach to study interactions between maximum crop production and photosynthetic processes characters on different levels of photosynthetic apparatus organization: from photosystem and chloroplast to leaf and whole plant was used as the basis for wheat crop breeding in its modern stage and new effective approach to wheat crop improvement. Wheat species, cultivars, iso-lines, somaclonal varieties and heterotic hybrids have been used as contrast productive materials. The main structure-functional characters of photosynthesis have been revealed with using of chlorophyll flourescence, photochemical, polarographic, CO2-gas-exchange, biometrical and quality genetics methods. The mechanism of interaction between primary energetic photosynthetic processes in photosystem and chloroplast, high CO2-fixation in leaf and high crop production as well as ontogenetic changes in productive processes and the role of organs in accumulation and redistribution of biomass were determined. Based on integral approach the concept the authors have formulated the concept of optimal photosynthetic wheat plant type (OPWPT) and have created the conceptual model. Using this model allowed us to evaluate 30 photosynthetic tests and 11 photosynthetic tests-systems on high productivity, to determine four types of wheat production processes in south-east of Kasakstan, to garther own core collection with 200 high photosynthetic active wheat genotypes and put it into crop breeding. Two new wheat photosynthetic active and productive cultivars were created and passed to State Examination. The results of researchers are discussed, the main items of OPWPT concept are illustrated and a scheme of optimal photosynthetic provision of maximum wheat cropping productivity is represented
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