Variation in antioxidant, and antibacterial activities and total phenolic content of the bulbs of mooseer (Allium hirtifolium Boiss.)

<p align="LEFT"><span style="color: #111111; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;" lang="EN-US"><em>Allium hirtifolium </em></span><span style="color: #111111; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;" lang="EN-US">Boiss. (mooseer) belonging to the family Alliaceae, is an endemic species of Iran which grows wild in the Zagros Mountains range, western and southwestern Iran. The bulb of <em><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">A. hirtifolium </span></em>has been used as a flavouring agent, especially dairy foods and pickles by the indigenous people, southwestern Iran. In this study, the bulbs of various populations of the plant were collected from the alpine regions in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province, Iran. The total phenolic content of the ethanol extract was determined by Folin– Ciocalteu method, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and the antibacterial activity of the extracts against four bacteria, including <em><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Bacillus cereus</span></em>, <em><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Listeria monocytogenes</span></em>, <em><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Proteus</span></em> <em><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">vulgaris</span></em>, and <em><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Salmonella typhimurium </span></em>was determined by serial dilution assay. Results indicated that the total phenolic content in the ethanol extracts of different populations of <em><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">A.</span></em> <em><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">hirtifolium </span></em>ranged between 34 to 44 mg gallic acid/g extract. In addition, the extracts of <em><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">A. hirtifolium </span></em>indicated moderate– to–good inhibitory activities (MICs = 0.062 to 0.250 mg/ml) against four bacteria, especially against <em><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">B. cereus</span></em>. The antioxidant activity of the bulbs of <em><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">A. hirtifolium </span></em>indicated the extract acted as an effective DPPH scavenger, but were not as effective as the BHT control. This finding suggests that the bulbs of <em><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">A. hirtifolium </span></em>may be considered as a natural source of antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.</span>