Antibody landscape against SARS-CoV-2 reveals significant differences between non-structural/accessory and structural proteins
2021
Yang Li | Zhaowei Xu | Qing Lei | Dan-yun Lai | Hongyan Hou | He-wei Jiang | Yun-xiao Zheng | Xue-ning Wang | Jiaoxiang Wu | Ming-liang Ma | Bo Zhang | Hong Chen | Caizheng Yu | Jun-biao Xue | Hai-nan Zhang | Huan Qi | Shu-juan Guo | Yandi Zhang | Xiaosong Lin | Zongjie Yao | Huiming Sheng | Ziyong Sun | Feng Wang | Xionglin Fan | Sheng-ce Tao
Summary: The immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 proteome is largely unknown, especially for non-structural proteins and accessory proteins. In this study, we collect 2,360 COVID-19 sera and 601 control sera. We analyze these sera on a protein microarray with 20 proteins of SARS-CoV-2, building an antibody response landscape for immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM. Non-structural proteins and accessory proteins NSP1, NSP7, NSP8, RdRp, ORF3b, and ORF9b elicit prevalent IgG responses. The IgG patterns and dynamics of non-structural/accessory proteins are different from those of the S and N proteins. The IgG responses against these six proteins are associated with disease severity and clinical outcome, and they decline sharply about 20 days after symptom onset. In non-survivors, a sharp decrease of IgG antibodies against S1 and N proteins before death is observed. The global antibody responses to non-structural/accessory proteins revealed here may facilitate a deeper understanding of SARS-CoV-2 immunology.
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