Remote Sensing Estimation of Long-Term Total Suspended Matter Concentration from Landsat across Lake Qinghai
2022
Weibang Li | Qian Yang | Yue Ma | Ying Yang | Kaishan Song | Juan Zhang | Zhidan Wen | Ge Liu
Total suspended matter (TSM) is one of the most widely used water quality parameters, which can influence the light transmission process, planktonic algae, and ecological health. A comprehensive field expedition aiming at water quality assessment was conducted for Lake Qinghai in September 2019. The in-situ measurements were used to support the calibration and validation of TSM concentration using Landsat images. A regional empirical model was established using the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiance of Landsat image data at the red band with a wavelength range of 640–670 nm. The coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>), mean relative error (MRE), and root mean square error (RMSE) of the TSM estimation model were 0.81, 17.91%, and 0.61 mg/L, respectively. The model was further applied to 87 images during the periods from 1986 to 2020. A significant correlation was found between TSM concentration and daily wind speed (r = 0.74, p < 0.01, n = 87), which revealed the dominance of wind speed on TSM concentration. In addition, hydrological changes also had a significant influence on TSM variations of lake estuaries.
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