Periodontal Disease, Local and Systemic Inflammation in Puerto Ricans with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
2023
Oelisoa M. Andriankaja | Reuben Adatorwovor | Alpdogan Kantarci | Hatice Hasturk | Luciana Shaddox | Michael A. Levine
Periodontal disease (PD) is prevalent in type 2 diabetic condition (T2DM). Objectives: We assessed the associations between serum or gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) endothelial and inflammatory mediators and chronic PD among T2DM Hispanic adults. Methods: We enrolled 248 Puerto Rican residents with T2DM aged 40–65 years. The exposures included serum inflammatory mediators (IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α), endothelial adhesion molecules, RANKL levels, and the GCF content of these analytes from a subset of 158 samples. The outcomes included the percent of sites with a probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 4 mm and clinical attachment loss ≥ 4 mm. Adjusted logistic regression models were fit to the categorized outcomes. Results: Increased serum IL-10 (Adj. OR: 1.10, <i>p</i> = 0.04), sICAM-1 (Adj. OR: 1.01; <i>p</i> = 0.06), and elevated serum IL-1β (Adj. OR: 1.93; <i>p</i> = 0.06) were statistically significant or close to being significantly associated with a percent of sites with PPD ≥ 4 mm. An increase in GCF IL-1α (Adj. OR: 1.16; <i>p</i> < 0.01) and IL-1β (Adj: 2.40; <i>p</i> = 0.02) was associated with periodontal parameters. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that oral and systemic endothelial and inflammatory mediators are associated with periodontal clinical parameters among Hispanic adults with T2DM.
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