The Cytokinins BAP and 2-iP Modulate Different Molecular Mechanisms on Shoot Proliferation and Root Development in Lemongrass (<i>Cymbopogon citratus</i>)
2023
María del Rosario Cárdenas-Aquino | Alberto Camas-Reyes | Eliana Valencia-Lozano | Lorena López-Sánchez | Agustino Martínez-Antonio | José Luis Cabrera-Ponce
The known activities of cytokinins (CKs) are promoting shoot multiplication, root growth inhibition, and delaying senescence. 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) has been the most effective CK to induce shoot proliferation in cereal and grasses. Previously, we reported that in lemongrass (<i>Cymbopogon citratus</i>) micropropagation, BAP 10 µM induces high shoot proliferation, while the natural CK 6-(γ,γ-Dimethylallylamino)purine (2-iP) 10 µM shows less pronounced effects and developed rooting. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved, we perform a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network based on the genes of <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i> involved in shoot proliferation/repression, cell cycle, stem cell maintenance, auxin response factors, and CK signaling to analyze the molecular mechanisms in BAP versus 2-iP plants. A different pattern of gene expression was observed between BAP- versus 2-iP-treated plants. In shoots derived from BAP, we found upregulated genes that have already been demonstrated to be involved in de novo shoot proliferation development in several plant species; CK receptors <i>(AHK3, ARR1)</i>, stem cell maintenance <i>(STM</i>, <i>REV</i> and <i>CLV3</i>), cell cycle regulation (<i>CDKA-CYCD3</i> complex), as well as the auxin response factor (<i>ARF5</i>) and CK metabolism (<i>CKX1</i>). In contrast, in the 2-iP culture medium, there was an upregulation of genes involved in shoot repression (<i>BRC1</i>, <i>MAX3</i>), <i>ARR4</i>, a type A-response regulator (<i>RR</i>), and auxin metabolism (<i>SHY2</i>).
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