A Bacterium-like Particle Vaccine Displaying Envelope Proteins of Canine Distemper Virus Can Induce Immune Responses in Mice and Dogs
2024
Lina Liu | Jianzhong Wang | Ranran Li | Jianzhao Wu | Yongkun Zhao | Feihu Yan | Tiecheng Wang | Yuwei Gao | Zongzheng Zhao | Na Feng | Xianzhu Xia
Canine distemper virus (CDV) can cause fatal infections in giant pandas. Vaccination is crucial to prevent CDV infection in giant pandas. In this study, two bacterium-like particle vaccines F<sub>3</sub>-GEM and H<sub>4</sub>-GEM displaying the trimeric F protein or tetrameric H protein of CDV were constructed based on the Gram-positive enhanced-matrix protein anchor (GEM-PA) surface display system. Electron microscopy and Western blot results revealed that the F or H protein was successfully anchored on the surface of GEM particles. Furthermore, one more bacterium-like particle vaccine F<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>4</sub>-GEM was also designed, a mixture consisting of F<sub>3</sub>-GEM and H<sub>4</sub>-GEM at a ratio of 1:1. To evaluate the effect of the three vaccines, mice were immunized with F<sub>3</sub>-GEM, H<sub>4</sub>-GEM or F<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>4</sub>-GEM. It was found that the level of IgG-specific antibodies and neutralizing antibodies in the F<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>4</sub>-GEM group was higher than the other two groups. Additionally, F<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>4</sub>-GEM also increased the secretion of Th1-related and Th2-related cytokines. Moreover, F<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>4</sub>-GEM induce IgG and neutralizing antibodies’ response in dogs. Conclusions: In summary, F<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>4</sub>-GEM can provoke better immune responses to CDV in mice and dogs. The bacterium-like particle vaccine F<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>4</sub>-GEM might be a potential vaccine candidate for giant pandas against CDV infection.
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