Gender characteristics of the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism and pancreatic hormones in permanent residents of the Arctic region, taking into account age

BACKGROUND: An increase with age in the blood glucose level of permanent residents of the Arctic region is a risk factor for metabolic changes, including diabetes mellitus (DM), the frequency and prevalence of which is often accompanied by an increase in body weight and obesity. However, at the moment, there is no clear idea of the age range in the structure of metabolic changes in northerners, and the influence of gender on the content of glucose, its metabolites, pancreatic hormones and the nature of the relationship between them in adults requires clarification.AIMS: To assess the values of the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism, pancreatic hormones, body mass index and the nature of the relationships between them in residents of the Arctic region who were born and permanently residing in the Nenets (NAO), Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) and Mezen District of the Arkhangelsk Region, taking into account gender and age.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the blood serum healthy residents of the NAO, YaNAO and the Mezensky district of the Arkhangelsk region of mature age, born and permanently residing in the Arctic region, randomly selected after a medical examination and questioning, which depending on gender and age were divided into groups: women 21–35, 36–45, 46–55 years old and men 22–35, 36–45, 46–60 years old. The blood serum was determined by the content of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, insulin, proinsulin, C-peptide was determined, measured height and weight.RESULTS: The study involved 1146 people of mature age (women 21–35 (221), 36–45 (222) and 46–55 (371), men 22–35 (105), 36–45 (84), 46–60 (143) years). Regardless of gender, the content of glucose (Glu) significantly increases with age, the peak of which occurs in women aged 46–55 years and in men aged 46–60 years. Age-related changes in the content of lactate (Lac) and pyruvate (Pir) were not found, but in men aged 36–45 years, the level of Lac was higher than in women, and the content of Pir, on the contrary, in all age groups, regardless of gender, was shifted to the lower limit of normal and below it. Against the background of an increase in Glu in women aged 46–55 years the level of insulin was significantly increased, and in men aged 46–60 years, the level of proinsulin was significantly increased. The value of the HOMA index, regardless of gender, exceeded the norm, and the value of the Caro index was below the critical level, which indicates hidden disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.CONCLUSIONS: In permanent residents of the Arctic region (NAO, YaNAO, Mezensk district of the Arkhangelsk region) of mature age, sex differences were established in the content of glucose, lactate, pyruvate and in the regulation of insulin-stimulated glycolysis by pancreatic hormones, as well as an excess of the BMI norm in 50,9, 67,0, 75,0% of women and 52,1, 66,6, 63,7% males.