Biological Control of Fungal Diseases by <i>Trichoderma aggressivum</i> f. <i>europaeum</i> and Its Compatibility with Fungicides
2021
Brenda Sánchez-Montesinos | Mila Santos | Alejandro Moreno-Gavíra | Teresa Marín-Rodulfo | Francisco J. Gea | Fernando Diánez
Our purpose was to evaluate the ability of <i>Trichoderma aggressivum</i> f. <i>europaeum</i> as a biological control agent against diseases from fungal phytopathogens. Twelve isolates of <i>T. aggressivum</i> f. <i>europaeum</i> were obtained from several substrates used for <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> cultivation from farms in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). Growth rates of the 12 isolates were determined, and their antagonistic activity was analysed in vitro against <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>, <i>Fusarium solani</i> f. <i>cucurbitae</i>, <i>Pythium aphanidermatum</i>, <i>Rhizoctonia solani,</i> and <i>Mycosphaerella melonis</i>, and all isolates had high growth rates. <i>T. aggressivum</i> f. <i>europaeum</i> showed high antagonistic activity for different phytopathogens, greater than 80%, except for <i>P. aphanidermatum</i> at approximately 65%. The most effective isolate, <i>T. aggressivum</i> f. <i>europaeum</i> TAET1, inhibited <i>B. cinerea</i>, <i>S. sclerotiorum,</i> and <i>M. melonis</i> growth by 100% in detached leaves assay and inhibited germination of <i>S. sclerotiorum</i> sclerotia. Disease incidence and severity in plant assays for pathosystems ranged from 22% for <i>F. solani</i> to 80% for <i>M. melonis</i>. This isolate reduced the incidence of <i>Podosphaera xanthii</i> in zucchini leaves by 66.78%. The high compatibility by this isolate with fungicides could allow its use in combination with different pest management strategies. Based on the results, <i>T. aggressivum</i> f. <i>europaeum</i> TAET1 should be considered for studies in commercial greenhouses as a biological control agent.
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