Immunohistochemically and semi-quantities analysis of carp gills exposed to sodium thiosulfate
2024
Shahbaa Kh. Al-Taee
One of the more common dechlorinated agents is Sodium thiosulfate. However, the toxicity on the aquatic animals was unknown, this study aims to determine the adverse effects of random usage and high sodium thiosulfate concentration in carp fish rearing in an earthen pond in Hawy -Al-Kanesa in Mosul city. The sodium thiosulfate used at 10 gm /L led to fish mortality of 80% through 96 days of exposure. The semi-quantities score analysis of histopathological alteration of gill represented a biological indicator for toxicity estimation, which reveals the significant alteration index (P≤0.05) in the vacuolar degeneration and hemorrhage while highly significant alteration index (P≤0.01) represented in the other vascular disturbances (edema, congestion, and aneurysm), hyperplasia, hyper trophy of cells, shortening, loss and fusion of secondary gills lamellae with abnormal cartilage morphology. Chloride and mucus cells were ++ and +++ for Periodic acid Schefft and Masson Trichrome, respectively, and apoptotic cells have been detected via caspase-3 activation, which was prominently detected mainly in the cells structure of the secondary gill lamella rather than primary filaments. This study concluded that sodium thiosulfate is toxic in high concentration to fish and leads to a pathological alteration in the vital organs such as gills. The semi-quantitative analysis is one of the modern techniques through which significant pathological changes are determined in histological sections of the gills and immunohistochemically and technique to determine programmed cell death.
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