机榨芝麻饼的浸出和芝麻油精炼工艺实践 Practice of leaching of pressed sesame seed cake and refining of sesame seed oil

为合理利用机榨芝麻饼，以热榨（螺旋压榨）芝麻饼和低温压榨（液压压榨）芝麻饼为原料，通过调整浸出和精炼工艺参数，生产精炼芝麻油。将热榨芝麻饼和低温压榨芝麻饼按质量比 4∶ 1混合进行浸出。芝麻油的精炼工艺条件为选用食品级柠檬酸进行酸炼脱胶；采用中性白土和活性炭（质量比4∶ 1）吸附脱色，控制进脱色工段的油脂水分含量不大于0.3%，脱色温度110 ℃，脱色时间25 min；改造脱臭系统，填料塔填料高度7 m，四层板式塔改为两层，脱臭温度不高于230 ℃，脱臭时间不长于25 min。生产的浸出芝麻原油和精炼芝麻油质量指标均满足国家标准要求；精炼芝麻油中3-氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯含量均为0.5 mg/kg，符合欧盟限量要求，反式脂肪酸含量(1.0%)满足企业标准。3种塑化剂含量和苯并（a）芘含量均在我国国家标准限量要求内,细辛素含量不大于10 mg/kg。综上，机榨芝麻饼的浸出和芝麻油精炼工艺可行，可应用于工业生产中。 In order to reasonably utilize the pressed sesame seed cake, with hot pressed (screw press) sesame seed cake and cold pressed (hydraulic press) sesame seed cake as raw materials, refined sesame seed oil was produced by adjusting the leaching and refining production parameters. Hot pressed sesame seed cake and cold pressed sesame seed cake was mixed in a mass ratio of 4∶ 1 for leaching. The refining process conditions for sesame seed oil were adjusted as follows: using food-grade citric acid in degumming, adopting neutral clay and activated carbon (mass ratio of 4∶ 1) for decolorization, moisture content in the oil entering the decolorization section not exceed 0.3%, decolorization temperature 110 ℃ and decolorization time 25 min; transforming the deodorization system, setting the height of the material layer in filling tower at 7 m, changing the four-layer plate tower to two-layer, deodorization temperature not more than 230 ℃, and deodorization time not more than 25 min. The quality indicators of crude sesame seed oil and refined sesame seed oil produced met the national standard requirements. The content of 3-chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in refined sesame seed oil were both 0.5 mg/kg, meeting the limit requirements of the European Union. The content of trans fatty acids(1.0%) met the enterpirse standards, and the contents of three kinds of plasticizers and benzo(a)pyrene were all within the national standard limits. The content of asarinin was not more than 10 mg/kg. In conclusion, the leaching and refining process of pressed sesame seed cake is feasible and can be applied in industrial production.