Phosphorus fractions in long-term fertilizer agricultural soils of typical agricultural areas in China
2025
Liyan Tian | Xiuhong Yang | Rongfei Wei | Qingjun Guo
Understanding the distribution of soil total phosphorus (P) concentration and fractions from soil of different types is essential for sustainable nutrient management. Here, we analyze different P fractions (available (H2O-P+NaHCO3-P), moderately-available (NaOH-P), and non-available P (HCl-P)) from three typical agricultural topsoils (black soil, fluvo-aquic soil, red soil) in China under long-term fertilization. Soil total P (TP) concentration was highest in fluvo-aquic soil and lowest in red soil, indicative of comprehensive influence of parent material, management, and chemical weathering. In all the three soil types, the proportion of available P to TP remained relatively small and significantly lower than the moderately available P and non-available P due to removal and immobilization processes, such as plant utilization, runoff, leaching, adsorption by Al, and Fe oxy/hydroxides or Ca. The moderately available P was the predominant fraction in black soil and red soil whereas non-available P in fluvo-aquic soil, which closely related to soil weathering degree and soil pH revealing soil property influence on soil P fractions. Differences in soil TP concentration and P fractions reflected P reserves in different soil types and may provide important information for effective utilization of different P fractions. This finding revealed a fundamental soil-dependent partitioning of P, reflected in the distinct soil TP and fractions across soil types, which can provide a scientific basis to guide the effective utilization of P and enhance use efficiency in diverse agricultural system.
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