Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Essential Oils of the Valdivian Rainforest (<i>Drimys winteri</i> and <i>Laureliopsis philippiana</i>) for Sustainable Udder Health in Dairy Systems
2026
Isavo Vera | Leslie Vera | Diego Cabrapán | Paola Ramos | Fernando Ulloa | Diana Pantoja | Florencia Aranguiz | Martina Jacobs | Nicole Rojas | María Daniella Carretta | Flavia Bruna | Jessica Bravo | Javiera Bahamonde
Bovine mastitis is a major bioeconomic and animal health challenge in dairy systems and is traditionally managed with intensive antibiotic therapy, contributing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study explored the therapeutic potential of essential oils (EOs) from two native species of the Valdivian temperate rainforest, <i>Laureliopsis philippiana</i> (Tepa; LP_EO) and <i>Drimys winteri</i> (Canelo; DW_EO), against priority mastitis pathogens. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to characterize EO composition, and in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated against clinical isolates of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Streptococcus uberis</i> and the azole-resistant yeast <i>Pichia kudriavzevii</i> by disk diffusion and broth microdilution assays. Both EOs were dominated by monoterpenes; LP_EO was richer in oxygenated monoterpenes (eucalyptol, terpinen-4-ol), whereas DW_EO showed a pinene-rich profile (β-pinene, α-pinene). DW_EO produced significantly larger inhibition zones than LP_EO against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>P. kudriavzevii</i> and exhibited lower MIC<sub>50</sub>/MIC<sub>90</sub> values for <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>S. uberis</i> and <i>P. kudriavzevii</i>. Notably, DW_EO showed a higher inhibitory activity against <i>P. kudriavzevii</i> with a MIC<sub>90</sub> of 4 mg/mL. These findings support DW_EO as a high-potential dual-action phytotherapeutic candidate for developing formulations and complementary tools within sustainable bovine udder health and antimicrobial stewardship frameworks.
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