Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practices among teenage mothers in Ogbomoso North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria

Introduction. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is the optimal infant feeding method, offering essential nutrients, immune protection, and long-term health benefits. However, EBF rates remain low among adolescent mothers, particularly in low-resource settings. Objective. This study examined factors influencing EBF practices among teenage mothers in Ogbomoso North Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. Population and Methods. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining quantitative surveys (n = 348) and qualitative interviews (n = 20). Multi-stage sampling was employed. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Results. Findings showed that 39.7% of teenage mothers practiced EBF, above Nigeria national average (29%) but below WHO 50% target. Knowledge gaps were evident, with 49.7% unaware that EBF excludes water for six months. Family pressure (38.8%) and cultural misconceptions (25.9%) led to the early introduction of water and complementary foods. Financial constraints (46.0%) and school resumption (35.9%) contributed to breastfeeding cessation. Healthcare support played a positive role; teenage mothers with family encouragement (OR = 2.01, p = 0.008) and adequate EBF knowledge (OR = 2.98, p = 0.001) were more likely to sustain EBF. Qualitative findings highlighted self-doubt, emotional stress, and conflicting advice as additional challenges. Conclusion. This study confirms that knowledge, socio-cultural influences, financial constraints, and institutional support impact EBF adherence. Addressing these barriers requires community breastfeeding education, financial and nutritional support, school-friendly breastfeeding policies, and stronger healthcare interventions to improve EBF rates and maternal-child health outcomes.