Ecological, modelling and genetic researches on bud phenology in apple to adapt the flowering phase facing temperature increases in occidental Europe
2011
Han, L. | Celton, Jean-Marc, | Costes, Evelyne, | Legave, Jean-Michel,
Fruit tree industry shows many vulnerabilities to adapt to climate change due to perennialand complex cropping systems, considerable irrigation needs and multiple effects oftemperature. Moreover, clear increases in temperature have been recorded in all fruit treeareas of western Europe since the end of the 1980s. The annual mean temperaturesincreased by about 1°C, although the increase of monthly temperatures differeddepending on the regions and was greater in winter than in autumn at all studied locations(Figures 1 and 2). The present context of global warming renews the interest in budphenology which was the main agronomic trait obviously changed in recent past in Europe(Guédon and Legave, 2008, Legave, 2009). In what follows, we summarise results thathave been recently obtained on apple trees in France on phenological adaptation byecological, modelling and genetic approaches. Firstly, phenological data have beencollected for main cultivars and analysed through modelling to understand the observedchanges in climate contrasting regions (Figure 2). Following this analysis, genetic studieshave been carried out on apple progenies to provide efficient tools for programs aimed atbreeding better adapted varieties for future environmental conditions.
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