Conditions of emergence of the Sooty Bark Disease and aerobiology of Cryptostroma corticale in Europe
2023
Muller, Elodie | Dvořák, Miloň | Marçais, Benoit | Caeiro, Elsa | Clot, Bernard | Desprez-Loustau, Marie-Laure | Gedda, Björn | Lundén, Karl | Migliorini, Duccio | Oliver, Gilles | Ramos, Ana, Paula | Rigling, Daniel | Rybníček, Ondřej | Santini, Alberto | Schneider, Salome | Stenlid, Jan | Tedeschini, Emma | Aguayo, Jaime | Gomez-Gallego, Mireia | Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM) ; Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Unité de Mycologie (USC INRAE LSV-mycologie) ; Laboratoire de la santé des végétaux (LSV) ; Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU) | Universidade de Évora | Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss | Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo) ; Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM) | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) | National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) | The University of Western Australia (UWA) | Réseau National de Surveillance Aérobiologique (RNSA) | Instituto Superior de Agronomia [Lisboa] (ISA) ; Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA) | Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL | Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI) | Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG) | research project SIAMOIS (“Smart and Innovative Monitoring Of airborne fungal Invaders by molecular methods”) by the French laboratory of excellence LabEx ARBRE | ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011) | European Project: 771271,HOMED
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Show more [+] Less [-]English. The sooty bark disease (SBD) is an emerging disease affecting sycamore maple trees (Acer pseudoplatanus) in Europe. Cryptostroma corticale, the causal agent, putatively native to eastern North America, can be also pathogenic for humans causing pneumonitis. It was first detected in 1945 in Europe, with markedly increasing reports since 2000. Pathogen development appears to be linked to heat waves and drought episodes. Here, we analyse the conditions of the SBD emergence in Europe based on a three-decadal timeseries data set. We also assess the suitability of aerobiological samples using a species-specific quantitative PCR assay to inform the epidemiology of C. corticale, through a regional study in France comparing twoyear aerobiological and epidemiological data, and a continental study including 12 air samplers from six countries (Czechia, France, Italy, Portugal, Sweden and Switzerland). We found that an accumulated water deficit in spring and summer lower than-132 mm correlates with SBD outbreaks. Our results suggest that C. corticale is an efficient airborne pathogen which can disperse its conidia as far as 310 km from the site of the closest disease outbreak. Aerobiology of C. corticale followed the SBD distribution in Europe. Pathogen detection was high in countries within the host native area and with longer disease presence, such as France, Switzerland and Czech Republic, and sporadic in Italy, where the pathogen was reported just once. The pathogen was absent in samples from Portugal and Sweden, where the disease has not been reported yet. We conclude that aerobiological surveillance can inform the spatial distribution of the SBD, and contribute to early detection in pathogen-free countries.
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