Axo-axonic cells in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic review
2023
Vivien, Juliette | El Azraoui, Anass | Lheraux, Cloé | Lanore, Frederic | Aouizerate, Bruno | Herry, Cyril | Humeau, Yann | Bienvenu, Thomas | Neurocentre Magendie : Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale (U1215 Inserm - UB) ; Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut François Magendie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) | Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience [Bordeaux] (IINS) ; Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Centre hospitalier Charles Perrens [Bordeaux] | Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (NutriNeuro) ; Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | CCA Inserm-Bettencourt grant to TB (R20005GS) | ANR-17-EURE-0028,UBGSNeuro,University of Bordeaux Neurocampus Graduate School(2017)
Imbalance between excitation and inhibition in the cerebral cortex is one of the main theories in neuropsychiatric disorder pathophysiology. Cortical inhibition is finely regulated by a variety of highly specialized GABAergic interneuron types, which are thought to organize neural network activities. Among interneurons, axo-axonic cells are unique in making synapses with the axon initial segment of pyramidal neurons. Alterations of axo-axonic cells have been proposed to be implicated in disorders including epilepsy, schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. However, evidence for the alteration of axo-axonic cells in disease has only been examined in narrative reviews. By performing a systematic review of studies investigating axo-axonic cells and axo-axonic communication in epilepsy, schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder, we outline convergent findings and discrepancies in the literature. Overall, the implication of axo-axonic cells in neuropsychiatric disorders might have been overstated. Additional work is needed to assess initial, mostly indirect findings, and to unravel how defects in axo-axonic cells translates to cortical dysregulation and, in turn, to pathological states.
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