Bioactive compounds in aquatic invasive macrophytes: Exploring the benefits for sustainable agriculture

Master

English. A lot of fungi in vineyards are harmful to the plant and the grapes. These parasites cause huge yield loss in the vineyard and can also alter the wine taste, which has a cost for the farmers. To counter these threats, chemical industries have invented many pesticides to stop the fungi progression and sometimes to boost the growth of the grapes. However, the use of these chemicals for a long time and to push the vine to the limit is harmful to the environment, killing the biodiversity and impoverishing the soils, in addition to lowering the quality of the wine.Organic fungicides, which are highly selective for various types of fungal diseases, are considered a promising group of chemical compounds. These fungicides are characterized by persistence and cumulativeness, which creates an ecological toxicological hazard for the ecosystem. Therefore, at present, studies that identify biofungicides on the ecological state of vineyards and the search for ways to reduce their negative aftereffect are becoming relevant. Pesticides used in perennial plantations, accumulating in the soil, reduce its biological potential, migrate into plants, fruits and berries, reducing their quality, biological value and food safety.In this bibliography review, we defined the different fungi harmful to the vine and their antagonists, in order to discover a compound that will supress pathogens and will be less toxic. So, we are searching for compounds in macrophytes to inhibit fungi growth in the vineyards.There are several reasons of examining macrophytes as a solution of the mentioned problem. To begin with, macrophytes are known to produce biomolecules (allelochemicals) to inhibit opponent species. The purpose of work is to define which macrophyte extraction may have an adverse effect on the growth of the vineyard’s fungi.During our research we’ve defined various group of allelochemicals with different properties. Groups of interest for us are triterpenes, flavonoids, coumarins and quinones as they have antifungal properties. So, the suggestion is to find similar compounds in the macrophyte allelochemicals. These allelochemicals were found in such macrophytes as Typha Latifolia and Potamogeton crispus. Therefore, they are expected to be tested on the vineyard fungi in order to apply or decline the theory.