The Chalcidoidea bush of life: evolutionary history of a massive radiation of minute wasps
2024
Cruaud, Astrid | Rasplus, Jean-Yves | Zhang, Junxia | Burks, Roger | Delvare, Gérard | Fusu, Lucian | Gumovsky, Alex | Huber, John, T. | Janšta, Petr | Mitroiu, Mircea‐dan | Noyes, John, S. | van Noort, Simon | Baker, Austin | Böhmová, Julie | Baur, Hannes | Blaimer, Bonnie, B. | Brady, Seán, G. | Bubeníková, Kristýna | Chartois, Marguerite | Copeland, Robert, S. | Dale-Skey Papilloud, Natalie | Dal Molin, Ana | Dominguez, Chrysalyn | Gebiola, Marco | Guerrieri, Emilio | Kresslein, Robert, L. | Krogmann, Lars | Moriarty Lemmon, Emily | Murray, Elizabeth, A. | Nidelet, Sabine | Nieves-Aldrey, José Luis | Perry, Ryan, K. | Peters, Ralph, S. | Polaszek, Andrew | Sauné, Laure | Torréns, Javier | Triapitsyn, Serguei | Tselikh, Ekaterina, V. | Yoder, Matthew | Lemmon, Alan, R. | Woolley, James, B. | Heraty, John, M. | Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Occitanie])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM) | Hebei University | Department of Entomology [Riverside] ; University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside) ; University of California (UC)-University of California (UC) | Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași = Universitatea Alexandru Ioan Cuza din Iași (UAIC) | I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of NASU ; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine = Національна академія наук України = Académie nationale des sciences d'Ukraine (NASU / НАН України) | Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) | Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes, Science & Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6 ; Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC) | Univerzita Karlova [Praha, Česká republika] = Charles University [Prague, Czech Republic] (UK) | The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM) | South African Cultural History Museum of Cape Town | University of Cape Town | Institute of Ecology and Evolution [Bern, Switzerland] ; Universität Bern = University of Bern = Université de Berne (UNIBE) | Naturhistorisches Museum [Bern] | Museum für Naturkunde [Berlin] | Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science ; Museum für Naturkunde [Berlin] | National Museum of Natural History [Washington] ; Smithsonian Institution | International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte [Natal] (UFRN) | CNR Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante [Torino, Italia] (IPSP) ; National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) | Stuttgart State Museum of Natural History | Universität Hohenheim = University of Hohenheim | Department of Biological Science [Tallahassee] ; Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU) | Washington State University (WSU) | Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN) ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] (CSIC) | California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY) | Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig | Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LAB) | Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET) | Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR) | Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences ; Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS) | Illinois Natural History Survey ; University of Illinois System | Department of Scientific Computing [Tallahassee] (FSU) ; Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU) | Texas A&M University [College Station] | This work was supported by the NSF DEB-1555808 to JMH, JBW and MY; the ANR projects TRIPTIC (ANR-14-CE18-0002), BIDIME (ANR-19-ECOM-0010) and recurring funding of the INRAE to AC and JYR. | ANR-14-CE18-0002,TriPTIC,Trichogramma pour la protection des cultures: Pangénomique, Traits d'histoire de vIe et Capacités d'établissement(2014) | ANR-19-ECOM-0010,Bidime,BIodiversité des trichogrammes, Diversification des produits de biocontrôle et nouveaux Modèles Economiques(2019)
Raw paired reads were uploaded as NCBI Sequence Read Archives (PRJNA884376 for AHE and PRJNA1017994 for UCEs).We dedicate this work to the memory of our dear friend and colleague John LaSalle, specialist of Eulophidae, who was an enthusiastic member of this project.
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Show more [+] Less [-]English. Chalcidoidea are mostly parasitoid wasps that include as many as 500 000 estimated species. Capturing phylogenetic signal from such a massive radiation can be daunting. Chalcidoidea is an excellent example of a hyperdiverse group that has remained recalcitrant to phylogenetic resolution. We combined 1007 exons obtained with Anchored Hybrid Enrichment with 1048 ultra-conserved elements (UCEs) for 433 taxa including all extant families, >95% of all subfamilies, and 356 genera chosen to represent the vast diversity of the superfamily. Going back and forth between the molecular results and our collective knowledge of morphology and biology, we detected bias in the analyses that was driven by the saturation of nucleotide data. Our final results are based on a concatenated analysis of the least saturated exons and UCE datasets (2054 loci, 284 106 sites). Our analyses support an expected sister relationship with Mymarommatoidea. Seven previously recognized families were not monophyletic, so support for a new classification is discussed. Natural history in some cases would appear to be more informative than morphology, as illustrated by the elucidation of a clade of plant gall associates and a clade of taxa with planidial first-instar larvae. The phylogeny suggests a transition from smaller soft-bodied wasps to larger and more heavily sclerotized wasps, with egg parasitism as potentially ancestral for the entire superfamily. Deep divergences in Chalcidoidea coincide with an increase in insect families in the fossil record, and an early shift to phytophagy corresponds with the beginning of the “Angiosperm Terrestrial Revolution”. Our dating analyses suggest a middle Jurassic origin of 174 Ma (167.3–180.5 Ma) and a crown age of 162.2 Ma (153.9–169.8 Ma) for Chalcidoidea. During the Cretaceous, Chalcidoidea may have undergone a rapid radiation in southern Gondwana with subsequent dispersals to the Northern Hemisphere. This scenario is discussed with regard to knowledge about the host taxa of chalcid wasps, their fossil record and Earth's palaeogeographic history.
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