Sperm Vitality and Necrozoospermia: Diagnosis, Management, and Results of a Global Survey of Clinical Practice
2021
Agarwal, Ashok | Sharma, Rakesh | Gupta, Sajal | Boitrelle, Florence | Finelli, Renata | Parekh, Neel | Durairajanayagam, Damayanthi | Saleh, Ramadan | Arafa, Mohamed | Cho, Chak Lam | Farkouh, Ala'A | Rambhatla, Amarnath | Henkel, Ralf | Vogiatzi, Paraskevi | Tadros, Nicholas | Kavoussi, Parviz | Ko, Edmund | Leisegang, Kristian | Kandil, Hussein | Palani, Ayad | Salvio, Gianmaria | Mostafa, Taymour | Rajmil, Osvaldo | Banihani, Saleem Ali | Schon, Samantha | Le, Tan | Birowo, Ponco | Çeker, Gökhan | Alvarez, Juan | Molina, Juan Manuel Corral | Ho, Christopher C.K. | Calogero, Aldo | Khalafalla, Kareim | Duran, Mesut Berkan | Kuroda, Shinnosuke | Colpi, Giovanni | Zini, Armand | Anagnostopoulou, Christina | Pescatori, Edoardo | Chung, Eric | Caroppo, Ettore | Dimitriadis, Fotios | Pinggera, Germar-Michael | Busetto, Gian Maria | Balercia, Giancarlo | Elbardisi, Haitham | Taniguchi, Hisanori | Park, Hyun Jun | Maldonado Rosas, Israel | de La Rosette, Jean | Ramsay, Jonathan | Bowa, Kasonde | Simopoulou, Mara | Rodriguez, Marcelo Gabriel | Sabbaghian, Marjan | Martinez, Marlon | Gilani, Mohamed Ali Sadighi | Al-Marhoon, Mohamed | Kosgi, Raghavender | Cannarella, Rossella | Micic, Sava | Fukuhara, Shinichiro | Parekattil, Sijo | Jindal, Sunil | Abdel-Meguid, Taha Abo-Almagd | Morimoto, Yoshiharu | Shah, Rupin | Cleveland Clinic | CHI Poissy-Saint-Germain | Biologie de la Reproduction, Environnement, Epigénétique & Développement (BREED) ; École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Hamad Medical Corporation [Doha, Qatar] | Weill Cornell Medicine [Qatar] | The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK) | Henry Ford Health System | Imperial College London | University of the Western Cape (UWC) | The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) | Loma Linda University | Fakih IVF Fertility Center | University of Garmian | Polytechnic University of Marche / Università Politecnica delle Marche (UNIVPM) | Cairo University | Fundació Puigvert [Barcelona, Spain] | Jordan University of Science and Technology [Irbid, Jordan] (JUST) | University of Michigan Medical School [Ann Arbor] ; University of Michigan [Ann Arbor] ; University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System | Pham Ngoc Thach Medical University [Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam] (PNTUM) | Faculty of Medicine [Jakarta, Indonesia] ; Universitas Indonesia (UI) | Taylor’s University | Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict) | Hamad medical corporation | McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada] | The University of Queensland (UQ [All campuses : Brisbane, Dutton Park Gatton, Herston, St Lucia and other locations]) | Aristotle University of Thessaloniki | Innsbruck Medical University = Medizinische Universität Innsbruck (IMU) | Università degli Studi di Foggia = University of Foggia (Unifg) | Kansai Medical University | Pusan National University (PNU) | Hammersmith Hospital NHS Imperial College Healthcare | National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA) | Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine [Tehran, Iran] | UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS MANILA PHL ; Partenaires IRSTEA ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) | Osaka University [Osaka] | University of Central Florida [Orlando] (UCF) | Minia University | King Abdulaziz University | Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre
International audience
Show more [+] Less [-]English. Sperm vitality testing is a basic semen examination that has been described in the World Health Organization (WHO) Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen from its primary edition, 40 years ago. Several methods can be used to test sperm vitality, such as the eosin-nigrosin (E-N) stain or the hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) test. In the 6th (2021) edition of the WHO Laboratory Manual, sperm vitality assessment is mainly recommended if the total motility is less than 40%. Hence, a motile spermatozoon is considered alive, however, in certain conditions an immotile spermatozoon can also be alive. Therefore, the differentiation between asthenozoospermia (pathological decrease in sperm motility) and necrozoospermia (pathological decrease in sperm vitality) is important in directing further investigation and management of infertile patients. The causes leading to necrozoospermia are diverse and can either be local or general, testicular or extra-testicular. The andrological management of necrozoospermia depends on its etiology. However, there is no standardized treatment available presently and practice varies among clinicians. In this study, we report the results of a global survey to understand current practices regarding the physician order of sperm vitality tests as well as the management practices for necrozoospermia. Laboratory and clinical scenarios are presented to guide the reader in the management of necrozoospermia with the overall objective of establishing a benchmark ranging from the diagnosis of necrozoospermia by sperm vitality testing to its clinical management.
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