Acidosis, cognitive dysfunction and motor impairments in patients with kidney disease

Imenez Silva, Pedro | Unwin, Robert | Hoorn, Ewout | Ortiz, Alberto | Trepiccione, Francesco | Nielsen, Rikke | Pesic, Vesna | Hafez, Gaye | Fouque, Denis | Massy, Ziad | de Zeeuw, Chris | Capasso, Giovambattista | Wagner, Carsten | Godefroy, Olivier | Chillon, Jean-Marc | Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH) | Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research Programme Chemical Biology (NCCR-Chemical Biology) ; Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE) | Royal Free Hospital [London, UK] | Erasmus University Rotterdam | Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) | Biogem S. C. A. R. L. | University of the Study of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli | Aarhus University [Aarhus] | University of Belgrade [Belgrade] | Altinbas University [Istanbul, Turkey] | Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN) ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS) ; Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) | Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP] | Épidémiologie et recherches translationnelles sur les maladies rénales et cardiovasculaires (EPREC) (U1018 (Équipe 5)) ; Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP) ; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay | Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN) ; Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) | CHU Amiens-Picardie | Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies - UR UPJV 4559 (LNFP) ; Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV) | Mécanismes physiopathologiques et conséquences des calcifications cardiovasculaires - UR UPJV 7517 (MP3CV) ; Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie | This article is published as part of a supplement financially supported by the COST Action CA19127-Cognitive Decline in Nephro-Neurology: European Cooperative Target(CONNECT). P.H.I.S. and C.A.W. have been supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation–financed NCCR Kidney.CH. A.O. was supported by the FIS/Fondos FEDER[PI18/01366, PI19/00588, PI19/00815, DTS18/00032,ERA-PerMed-JTC2018 (KIDNEY ATTACK AC18/00064and PERSTIGAN AC18/00071, ISCIII-RETIC REDinRENFIGURE 2: Model summarizing possible links between CKD, metabolic acidosis and cognitive dysfunction and motor deficits. Reduced kidneyfunction causes, among other consequences, accumulation of uraemic toxins and metabolic acidosis, and both may act on the brain to reducecentral functions. In addition, immune functions are altered by both factors, leading to higher levels of pro-inflammatory factors that may alsoaffect the brain. Reduced kidney function is also associated with reduced renal expression of a-klotho and reduced circulating levels of solublea-klotho. Whether brain a-klotho expression is directly affected has not been examined. a-Klotho has neuroprotective functions.ii10 P.H. Imenez Silva et al.RD016/0009)], Sociedad Espa~nola de Nefrologı´a, FRIAT andComunidad de Madrid en Biomedicina B2017/BMD-3686CIFRA2-CM. | CONNECT Action (Cognitive Decline in Nephro-Neurology European Cooperative Target): Giovambattista Capasso, Alexandre Andrade, Maie Bachmann, Inga Bumblyte, Adrian Constantin Covic, Pilar Delgado, Nicole Endlich, Andreas Engvig, Denis Fouque, Casper Franssen, Sebastian Frische, Liliana Garneata, Loreto Gesualdo, Konstantinos Giannakou, Dimitrios Goumenos, Ayşe Tuğba Kartal, Laila-Yasmin Mani, Hans-Peter Marti, Christopher Mayer, Rikke Nielsen, Vesna Pešić, Merita Rroji, Giorgos Sakkas, Goce Spasovski, Kate I Stevens, Evgueniy Vazelov, Davide Viggiano, Lefteris Zacharia, Ana Carina Ferreira, Jolanta Malyszko, Ewout Hoorn, Andreja Figurek, Robert Unwin, Carsten Wagner, Christoph Wanner, Annette Bruchfeld, Marion Pepin, Andrzej Wiecek, Dorothea Nitsch, Ivo Fridolin, Gaye Hafez, Maria José Soler Romeo, Michelangela Barbieri, Bojan Batinić, Laura Carrasco, Sol Carriazo, Ron Gansevoort, Gianvito Martino, Francesco Mattace Raso, Ionut Nistor, Alberto Ortiz, Giuseppe Paolisso, Daiva Rastenytė, Gabriel Stefan, Gioacchino Tedeschi, Ziad Massy, Boris Bikbov, Karl Hans Endlich, Olivier Godefroy, Jean-Marc Chillon, Anastassia Kossioni, Justina Kurganaite, Norberto Perico, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Tomasz Grodzicki, Francesco Trepiccione, Carmine Zoccali, Mustafa Arici, Peter Blankestijn, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Danilo Fliser, Eugenio Gutiérrez Jiménez, Maximilian Konig, Ivan Rychlik, Michela Deleidi, George Reusz