Mechanisms of woody-plant mortality under rising drought, CO2 and vapour pressure deficit
2022
Mcdowell, Nate | Sapes, Gerard | Pivovaroff, Alexandria | Adams, Henry | Allen, Craig | Anderegg, William | Arend, Matthias | Breshears, David | Brodribb, Tim | Choat, Brendan | Cochard, Hervé | de Cáceres, Miquel | de Kauwe, Martin | Grossiord, Charlotte | Hammond, William | Hartmann, Henrik | Hoch, Günter | Kahmen, Ansgar | Klein, Tamir | Mackay, D. Scott | Mantova, Marylou | Martínez-Vilalta, Jordi | Medlyn, Belinda | Mencuccini, Maurizio | Nardini, Andrea | Oliveira, Rafael | Sala, Anna | Tissue, David | Torres-Ruiz, José | Trowbridge, Amy | Trugman, Anna | Wiley, Erin | Xu, Chonggang | Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA | University of Minnesota System (UMN) | Washington State University (WSU) | The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque] ; New Mexico Consortium (NMC) | University of Utah | Université de Bâle = University of Basel = Basel Universität (Unibas) | University of Arizona | University of Tasmania [Hobart] (UTAS) | Western Sydney University | Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA) | Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries = Centre de Recerca Ecologica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF) ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] (CSIC) | University of Bristol [Bristol] | Institut de théorie des phénomènes physiques (EPFL) ; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) | Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU) ; University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF) | Max-Planck-Institut | Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël] | University at Buffalo [SUNY] (SUNY Buffalo) ; State University of New York (SUNY) | Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste | Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP) | University of Montana | University of Wisconsin-Madison | University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara) ; University of California (UC) | University of Central Arkansas (UCA) | Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) | United States Department of Energy (DOE)NSFBII-Implementation2021898Australian Research CouncilDP0879531- DP110105102- LP0989881
International audience
Show more [+] Less [-]English. Drought-associated woody-plant mortality has been increasing in most regions with multi-decadal records and is projected to increase in the future, impacting terrestrial climate forcing, biodiversity and resource availability. The mechanisms underlying such mortality, however, are debated, owing to complex interactions between the drivers and the processes. In this Review, we synthesize knowledge of drought-related tree mortality under a warming and drying atmosphere with rising atmospheric CO2. Drought-associated mortality results from water and carbon depletion and declines in their fluxes relative to demand by living tissues. These pools and fluxes are interdependent and underlay plant defences against biotic agents. Death via failure to maintain a positive water balance is particularly dependent on soil-to-root conductance, capacitance, vulnerability to hydraulic failure, cuticular water losses and dehydration tolerance, all of which could be exacerbated by reduced carbon supply rates to support cellular survival or the carbon starvation process. The depletion of plant water and carbon pools is accelerated under rising vapour pressure deficit, but increasing CO2 can mitigate these impacts. Advancing knowledge and reducing predictive uncertainties requires the integration of carbon, water and defensive processes, and the use of a range of experimental and modelling approaches.Enhanced drought frequency and magnitude have impacted tree mortality, leading to multiple examples of regional-scale dieback. This Review outlines the mechanisms leading to mortality, including carbon starvation and hydraulic failure.
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