Revealing legacy effects of extreme droughts on tree growth of oaks across the Northern Hemisphere
2024
Bose, Arun | Doležal, Jiri | Scherrer, Daniel | Altman, Jan | Ziche, Daniel | Martínez-Sancho, Elisabet | Bigler, Christof | Bolte, Andreas | Colangelo, Michele | Dorado-Liñán, Isabel | Drobyshev, Igor | Etzold, Sophia | Fonti, Patrick | Gessler, Arthur | Kolář, Tomáš | Koňasová, Eva | Korznikov, Kirill Aleksandrovich | Lebourgeois, François | Lucas-Borja, Manuel Esteban | Menzel, Annette | Neuwirth, Burkhard | Nicolas, Manuel | Omelko, Alexander Mikhaylovich | Pederson, Neil | Petritan, Any Mary | Rigling, Andreas | Rybníček, Michal | Scharnweber, Tobias | Schröder, Jens | Silla, Fernando | Sochová, Irena | Sohar, Kristina | Ukhvatkina, Olga Nikolaevna | Vozmishcheva, Anna Stepanovna | Zweifel, Roman | Camarero, J. Julio | Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL | Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET) | Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS) ; Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS) | University of South Bohemia | Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU) | Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems ; Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut = Thünen Institute | Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS) ; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich) | Università degli studi della Basilicata = University of Basilicata (UNIBAS) | INIA-CIFOR | Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences = Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) | Institute for Terrestrial Ecosystems, Ecosystem Management, ETH Zürich | Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU) | Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS) | SILVA (SILVA) ; AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha = University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM) | University of Applied Sciences [Munich] | Office national des forêts (ONF) | Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS) | Harvard Forest ; Harvard University | National Forestry Research-Development Institute Marin Dracea (INCDS) | Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES) ; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich) | Universität Greifswald = University of Greifswald | Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development (HNE) | Universidad de Salamanca [España] = University of Salamanca [Spain] | Tartu Ülikool = University of Tartu [Estonie] | Siberian Federal University (SibFU) | Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC) ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] (CSIC) | Swiss Federal Research Institute WSLSpanish Government23-08049SRVO 67985939Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)RYC2021-035078-ISpanish GovernmentM190020074AProyectos de Generacion de Conocimiento, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion310030_189109Fondos de Investigacion Beatriz Galindo UPM-CAMCNS2022-135228Proyectos de Consolidacion Investigadora 202223-05272SGrant Agency of the Czech Republic23-07533SFSRZ-2020-0014Czech Academy of SciencesMinistry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian FederationPID2021-123675OB-C43 | European Project: 749051,H2020-EU.1.3. - EXCELLENT SCIENCE - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions / H2020-EU.1.3.2. - Nurturing excellence by means of cross-border and cross-sector mobility,10.3030/749051,REFOREST(2017)
International audience
Show more [+] Less [-]English. Forests are undergoing increasing risks of drought-induced tree mortality. Species replacement patterns following mortality may have a significant impact on the global carbon cycle. Among major hardwoods, deciduous oaks (Quercus spp.) are increasingly reported as replacing dying conifers across the Northern Hemisphere. Yet, our knowledge on the growth responses of these oaks to drought is incomplete, especially regarding post-drought legacy effects. The objectives of this study were to determine the occurrence, duration, and magnitude of legacy effects of extreme droughts and how that vary across species, sites, and drought characteristics. The legacy effects were quantified by the deviation of observed from expected radial growth indices in the period 1940-2016. We used stand-level chronologies from 458 sites and 21 oak species primarily from Europe, north-eastern America, and eastern Asia. We found that legacy effects of droughts could last from 1 to 5 years after the drought and were more prolonged in dry sites. Negative legacy effects (i.e., lower growth than expected) were more prevalent after repetitive droughts in dry sites. The effect of repetitive drought was stronger in Mediterranean oaks especially in Quercus faginea. Species-specific analyses revealed that Q. petraea and Q. macrocarpa from dry sites were more negatively affected by the droughts while growth of several oak species from mesic sites increased during post-drought years. Sites showing positive correlations to winter temperature showed little to no growth depression after drought, whereas sites with a positive correlation to previous summer water balance showed decreased growth. This may indicate that although winter warming favors tree growth during droughts, previous-year summer precipitation may predispose oak trees to current-year extreme droughts. Our results revealed a massive role of repetitive droughts in determining legacy effects and highlighted how growth sensitivity to climate, drought seasonality and species-specific traits drive the legacy effects in deciduous oak species.
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