Biophysical and economic limits to negative CO2 emissions
2016
Smith, Pete | Davis, Steven J. | Creutzig, Felix | Fuss, Sabine | Minx, Jan | Gabrielle, Benoit | Kato, Etsushi | Jackson, Robert B. | Cowie, Annette | Kriegler, Elmar | van Vuuren, Detlef P. | Rogelj, Joeri | Ciais, Philippe | Milne, Jennifer | Canadell, Josep G. | Mccollum, David | Peters, Glen | Andrew, Robbie | Krey, Volker | Shrestha, Gyami | Friedlingstein, Pierre | Gasser, Thomas | Grübler, Arnulf | Heidug, Wolfgang K. | Jonas, Matthias | Jones, Chris D. | Kraxner, Florian | Littleton, Emma | Lowe, Jason | Moreira, José Roberto | Nakicenovic, Nebojsa | Obersteiner, Michael | Patwardhan, Anand | Rogner, Mathis | Rubin, Ed | Sharifi, Ayyoob | Torvanger, Asbjørn | Yamagata, Yoshiki | Edmonds, Jae | Yongsung, Cho | University of Aberdeen | University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine) ; University of California (UC) | Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC) ; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) | Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin (TUB) | Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) | Hertie School of Governance | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Institute of Applied Energy (IAE) | Department of Earth System Science [Stanford] (ESS) ; Stanford EARTH ; Stanford University-Stanford University | University of New England (UNE) | Universiteit Utrecht / Utrecht University [Utrecht] | PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency | International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA) | Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich) | Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE) ; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) | ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC) ; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE) ; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) | Stanford University | Oceans and Atmosphere Research ; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Australia] (CSIRO) | Center for International Climate and Environmental Research [Oslo] (CICERO) ; University of Oslo (UiO) | US Global Change Research Program | University of Exeter | centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-École nationale des ponts et chaussées (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center | Met Office Hadley Centre (MOHC) ; United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter] | University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA) | Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP) | University of Maryland [College Park] (UMD) ; University System of Maryland | Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU) | Global Carbon Project — Tsukuba International Office | National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Joint Global Change Research Institute | Korea University [Seoul]
To have a >50% chance of limiting warming below 2 °C, most recent scenarios from integrated assessment models (IAMs) require large-scale deployment of negative emissions technologies (NETs). These are technologies that result in the net removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. We quantify potential global impacts of the different NETs on various factors (such as land, greenhouse gas emissions, water, albedo, nutrients and energy) to determine the biophysical limits to, and economic costs of, their widespread application. Resource implications vary between technologies and need to be satisfactorily addressed if NETs are to have a significant role in achieving climate goals.
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