Dermacentor reticulatus – a tick on its way from glacial refugia to a panmictic Eurasian population
2023
Bilbija, Branka | Spitzweg, Cäcilia | Papoušek, Ivo | Fritz, Uwe | Földvári, Gábor | Mullett, Martin | Ihlow, Flora | Sprong, Hein | Civáňová Křížová, Kristína | Anisimov, Nikolay | Belova, Oxana | Bonnet, Sarah | Bychkova, Elizabeth | Czułowska, Aleksandra | Duscher, Georg | Fonville, Manoj | Kahl, Olaf | Karbowiak, Grzegorz | Kholodilov, Ivan | Kiewra, Dorota | Krčmar, Stjepan | Kumisbek, Gulzina | Livanova, Natalya | Majláth, Igor | Manfredi, Maria Teresa | Mihalca, Andrei | Miró, Guadalupe | Moutailler, Sara | Nebogatkin, Igor | Tomanović, Snežana | Vatansever, Zati | Yakovich, Marya | Zanzani, Sergio | Široký, Pavel | University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences [Brno] (VFU) | Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden ; Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie | Centre for Ecological Research [Budapest] ; Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA) | Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU) | National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM) | Masaryk University [Brno] = Masarykova univerzita [Brno] = Université Masaryk [Brno] (MU / MUNI) | Tyumen State University | Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalities [Moscou] | Génétique fonctionnelle des maladies infectieuses - Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases ; Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité) | Département Santé Animale (DEPT SA) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus on Bioresources [Minsk] | University of Wrocław [Poland] (UWr) | University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni) | Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES) | Witold Stefanski Institute of Parasitology ; Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences = Académie polonaise des sciences (PAN) | Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides | Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek | Al-Farabi Kazakh National University [Almaty] (KazNU) | Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Novosibirsk, Russia. | University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik | Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI) | University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj Napoca = Universitatea de Științe Agricole și Medicină Veterinară Cluj-Napoca | Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM) | Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR) ; École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie ; Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of NASU ; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine = Національна академія наук України = Académie nationale des sciences d'Ukraine (NASU / НАН України) | National center for public health [Hungary] | University of Belgrade [Belgrade] | Kafkas Üniversitesi - Kafkas University | This study was financed by the University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Czech Republic, project 2022ITA22. GF was supported by the grant “In the light of evolution: theories and solutions” (GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00057) and by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office in Hungary (RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00006). This work was supported by the COST Action CA21170 “Prevention, anticipation and mitigation of tick-borne disease risk applying the DAMA protocol (PRAGMATICK)”.
International audience
Show more [+] Less [-]English. The ornate dog tick (Dermacentor reticulatus) shows a recently expanding geographic distribution. Knowledge on its intraspecific variability, population structure, rate of genetic diversity and divergence, including its evolution and geographic distribution, is crucial to understand its dispersal capacity. All such information would help to evaluate the potential risk of future spread of associated pathogens of medical and veterinary concern. A set of 865 D. reticulatus ticks was collected from 65 localities across 21 countries, from Portugal in the west to Kazakhstan and southern Russia in the east. Cluster analyses of 16 microsatellite loci were combined with nuclear (ITS2, 18S) and mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COI) sequence data to uncover the ticks’ population structures and geographical patterns. Approximate Bayesian computation was applied to model evolutionary relationships among the found clusters. Low variability and a weak phylogenetic signal showing an east–west cline were detected both for mitochondrial and nuclear sequence markers. Microsatellite analyses revealed three genetic clusters, where the eastern and western cluster gradient was supplemented by a third, northern cluster. Alternative scenarios could explain such a tripartite population structure by independent formation of clusters in separate refugia, limited gene flow connected with isolation by distance causing a “bipolar pattern”, and the northern cluster deriving from admixture between the eastern and western populations. The best supported demographic scenario of this tick species indicates that the northern cluster derived from admixture between the eastern and western populations 441 (median) to 224 (mode) generations ago, suggesting a possible link with the end of the Little Ice Age in Europe.
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