Stress-based regulation of multicellular plant growth: a finite element modeling approach applied to planar leaf morphogenesis
2018
Oliveri, Hadrien | Zhao, Feng | Ali, Olivier | Traas, Jan | Godin, Christophe | Simulation et Analyse de la morphogenèse in siliCo (MOSAIC) ; Centre Inria de l'Université Grenoble Alpes ; Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria) | Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP) ; École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Show more [+] Less [-]English. How thousands of individual cells control their local growth and collectively generate stable and stereotypical macroscopic shapes is an open question. We address this question in plant morphogenesis, that relies on turgor-induced growth, regulated through rheological properties of the cell wall. In particular, it was proposed that cells may adapt theseproperties according to the mechanical stress they experience. In this scenario stress would provide a directional cue for theorientation in which cellulose fibres are deposited, leading to the anisotropic reinforcement of the walls.The dynamical behavior ofsuch a system is nontrivial. In this work, we combine theoretical and numerical approaches to predict the emergent behavior of astress-based regulation of growth. In particular, we show that this mechanism can maintain the typical plant growth modes, andamplify asymmetries. This is required to stabilize prolonged phases of asymmetric growth (stem or leaf growth) and, alternatively toescape a given growth regime and generate different levels of symmetry. Using finite element models of multi-layered tissues,we also provide new insights into the collective behavior of full stress-sensing structures, and nontrivial effects of multi-layered plantmechanics.
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