How to treat raw sewage with constructed wetlands: an overview of the French systems
2005
Molle, Pascal | Liénard, A. | Boutin, Catherine | Merlin, Gerard | Iwema, A. | Qualité des eaux et prévention des pollutions (UR QELY) ; Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF) | Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]) | Agence de l'eau Rhône Méditerranée Corse
[Departement_IRSTEA]MA [TR1_IRSTEA]TED / EPURE
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Show more [+] Less [-]English. The development of Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands treating raw wastewater in France has proved to be very successful over the last 20 years. In view of this a survey was carried out on more than 80 plants in order to study their performance and correct design if necessary. This study shows that such systems perform well in terms of respecting the goals of both low level outlet COD and SS and nitrification. Pollutant removal performance in relation to the loads handled and the specific characteristics of the plants were investigated. Nitrification is shown to be the most sensitive process in such systems and performance in relation to sizing is discussed. Such systems, if well designed, can achieve an outlet level of 60 mg.L-1 in COD, 15 mg.L-1 in SS and 8 mg.L-1 in TKN with an area of 2 to 2.5 M2 PE-1. The sludge deposit on the first stage must be removed after about 10-15 years.
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