Genetic and biochemistry analyses of the natural resistance to the fungicide fenhexamid in the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis pseudocinerea
2015
Azeddine, Saad | Billard, Alexis, A. | Bach, Jocelyne, J. | Audeon, Colette, C. | Lanen, Catherine, C. | Walker, Anne-Sophie | Fillinger, Sabine | Debieu, Danièle, D. | BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech
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Show more [+] Less [-]English. The Botrytis species complex responsible for grey mould disease on grapevine is composed of two species: Botrytis cinerea the major one (about 90%) and Botrytis pseudocinerea. Despite their genetic polymorphism, these species cannot be morphologically distinguished. However, they do differ in their response to several fungicides, especially to the sterol biosynthesis inhibitor fenhexamid. While B. cinerea is sensitive to this hydroxyanilide, B. pseudocinerea is naturally resistant. Enzyme assays showed that in B. pseudocinerea the fenhexamid target enzyme, the sterol 3-ketoreductase was less sensitive to fenhexamid. In addition, a strong synergism between fenhexamid and sterol 14α-demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) known to inhibit Cyp51, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase was observed in B. pseudocinerea. These results could suggest detoxification of fenhexamid by cytochromes P450. The cyp684 gene showing the strongest similarity to cyp51 among all B. cinerea cytochrome P450 genes was found strongly overexpressed in the presence of fenhexamid in B. pseudocinerea. In this work, we studied separately the effect of B. pseudocinerea erg27 polymorphism, erg27 encoding 3-ketoreductase, and of the recently identified cytochrome P450 gene, cyp684, on resistance to fenhexamid, respectively by erg27 gene, and cyp684 inactivation. In parallel, metabolization studies are conducted to identify metabolites and test their activity on Botrytis spp.
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