The rhizosphere: a playground and battlefield for soilborne pathogens and beneficial microorganisms
2010
Raaijmakers, Jos M. | Paulitz, Timothy C. | Alabouvette, Claude | Moënne-Loccoz, Yvan | Laboratory of Phytopathology ; Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR) | USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service | Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement (MSE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB) | Ecologie Mircobienne ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Dessaux Yves | Lemanceau Philippe | Hinsinger Philippe
International audience
Show more [+] Less [-]English. The rhizosphere is a hot spot of microbial interactions as exudates released by plant roots are a main food source for microorganisms and a driving force of their population density and activities. The rhizosphere harbors many organisms that have a neutral effect on the plant, but also attracts organisms that exert deleterious or beneficial effects on the plant. Microorganisms that adversely affect plant growth and health are the pathogenic fungi, oomycetes,bacteria and nematodes. Most of the soilborne pathogens are adapted to grow and survive in the bulk soil, but the rhizosphere is the playground and infection court where the pathogen establishes a parasitic relationship with the plant. The rhizosphere is also a battlefield where the complex rhizosphere community, both microflora and microfauna, interact with pathogens and influence the outcome of pathogen infection. A wide range of microorganisms are beneficial to the plant and include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, endo- and ectomycorrhizal fungi, and plant growth-promoting bacteria and fungi. This review focuses on the population dynamics and activity of soilborne pathogens and beneficial microorganisms. Specific attention is given to mechanisms involved in the tripartite interactions between beneficial micro-organisms, pathogens and the plant. We also discuss how agricultural practices affect pathogen and antagonist populations and how these practices can be adopted to promote plant growth and health.
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