Italian rice-field weeds and their control
2002
Ferrero, A. | Tabacchi, M. | Vidotto, F.
The composition of the weed communities of Italian rice fields has become quite degraded in the past decade. Five main floristic scenarios represent this situation: (1) Echinochloa spp., found in all rice fields, the main herbicides applied against these species are molinate, tiocarbazil, dimepiperate, thiobencarb, quinclorac, propanil, and azimsulfuron, (2) exotic Heteranthera species, present in 60-80% of the rice production area and controlled mainly with oxadiazon and pretilachlor, (3) Alisma spp. and Cyperaceae weeds, found in more that 50% of the fields and controlled with ALS inhibitor herbicides (sulfonylurea compounds and metosulam), MCPA, and propanil, (4) various weedy rice biotypes, controlled with a combination of cultural and chemical (dalapon and pretilachlor) means, and (5) other weeds of minor importance that are normally not subjected to specific interventions.
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