A Study of Some Productive Indicators and Chemical Composition of Aromatic Oil of Cumin Yield Using Some Agricultural Treatments in the Central Region of Syria

References 1. Abdalla M.Y.A.,2009- Effect organic fertilizers, Bio-and-Mineral Fertilization on Growth, Yield, Oil Productivity and Chemical Constituents of Coriander Plant. Veget. and Flor.dept.,Fac.of Agric.,Mansoura Univ.Sci.,34:(5),5195-5208. 2. Abdel Aziz M. A. and EL-Sayed H.H., 2010- Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on vegetative growth and volatile oil content of (Thymus vulgaris L.) plant. J. Adv.Agric. (Fac. Agric. Saba Bash) Alex. Univ. 15 (1): 141–150. 3. Abdel-Kader A.A.S.,Saleh F.E.M. and Ragab A.A.,2016- Effect of Organic Manure and Bio-fertilizers on Productivity and Quality of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Plant Grown in Calcareous Sandy Soil. Assiut J.Agric.Sci., (47) No, (6-2): 473-483p. 4. Abdou M.A.H., El-Sayed A.A., Taha R.A. , Ahmed Sh. K. and El-Nady M. K.,2019- Response of Cumin Plant to Some Organic, Biofertilization and Antioxidant Treatments Ii. Essential Oil Production and Chemical Constituents. Scientific J. Flowers & Ornamental Plants, 6(1):89-97 P. 5. Abduljabbar R.A.,2013-Chemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of Cumin seeds extracted oil against some bacterial and fungal isolates, University of Basrah,3(4),65-73 pages. 6. Abou El-Fadl I.A., Abou-Baker M. and El-Gamal A.M., 1990- Effect of different organic manure composts on roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) plants and soil characteristics. Agic. Res. Review, 68 (5): 1077-1087. 7. Abou El-maged M.M., Zaki M.F. and Abou-Hussein S.D., 2008- Effect of organic manure and different level of saline irrigationwater on growth, green yield and chemical content of sweet fennel. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied sciences. 2(1):90-98. 8. Adesina G.O.,Akanbi W.B.,Olabode O.S. and Akintoye O., 2011-Effect of water hyacinth and neem based composts on growth, fruit yield and quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). African. J . Agric . Res. 6(31): 6477-6484. 9. Aflatuni A.,2005-The yield and essential oil content of ment (Mentha ssp.)in Northern Ostrobothnia. Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, Department of Biology, Finland, 87-94. 10. Agarwal U., Pathak D. P., Kapoor G., Bhutani R., Roper R., Gupta V. and Kant R., 2017- Review on Cuminum Cyminum –Nature’s Magical Seeds . Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. India. 9(9):180-187 11. Aggelides S.M and Londra P.A.,2000- Effects of Compost Produced From Town Wastes And Sewage Sludge on The Physical Properties Of A Loamy And A Clay Soil. Bioresour. Technol., 71(3): 253–259. 12. Ahmad N., Ul-Hassan F. and Qadi G. 2007- Effect of Subsurface Soil Compaction and Improvement Measures on Soil Properties. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 9 (3) : 509 – 513 . 13. Ahmad T., Shah S.T., Ullah F., Ghafoor F. and Anwar U.,2017- Effect of organic fertilizer on growth and yield of coriander. International Journal of agriculture and Environmental Research., 3(1): 116-120. 14. Ahmadian A., Tavassoli A. and Amiri E.,2011- The interaction effect of water stress and manure on yield components, essential oil and chemical compositions of cumin (Cuminum cyminum). African Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 6(10), pp. 2309-2315. 15. Ahn P.M. and Hintze B.,2005- No tillage ,minimum tillage , and their influence on soil properties. In: Organic- matter Managementand Tillage in Humid and Sub- humid Africa.341-349 p. IBSRAM Proceedings No.10.Bangkok: IBSRAM. 16. Alam M. KH., Salahin N., Rashid M.H., Islam A.B. M. J and Hossain M.N., 2013 -Effect of tillage depths and cropping systems on soil physical properties in grey terrace soils. Journal of Agriculture Research ,1(5): 70 – 76 . 17. Ali T., Behnaz M. and Aliakbar H.,2014- Effect of planting date on yield and percentage of cuminaldehyde and beta pinene in herb of three cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) varieties in Saveh region. International Journal of Biosciences | IJB |. 4 (9): 154-162. 18. Allen R., Musick J.T., Unger P.W. and Wiesse A.F.,1980- Soil, Water and Energy Conserving Tillage – Southern Plains. In: Crop Production with Conservation in the 80’s, (pp. 99-101). Proceedings of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers Publication, 7-81. 19. Allison F.E., 1997 – Soil Organic Matter and Its Role in Crop Production ,Elsevier, New York.227P. 20. Al-Wareh Hassan B., Kaffel-Ghzal R. and Mouchantat H.A., 1993- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Aleppo University Publication. 21. Amezkata E., 1999-Soil aggregate Stability: A review. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 14: pp83-151. 22. Amin GH.,2000-Cumin-in Peter K.V.(ED.), Handbook of Herbs and Spices .Wood heed publishing Cambridge,UK,PP164-167. 23. Amin Gh.,2012-Handbook of Herbs and Spices (Second edition(. Wood head Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Volume 1,PP 250-259. 24. Aminpour R., Karimi M., 1995-Effect of irrigation number on water potential, yield and yield components of cumin(Cuminum cyminum L.).Master of Science Thesis of Agronomy, Isf. Univ. TECHNOL., Isfahan, Iran.25. Anonymous. 2005- Non-Wood Forest Production in the Near East; A Regional and National Overview (Country Reports–Iran). Retrieved, 2005 from http://www.fao.org/ documents/show cdr.asp? url_file= / docrep/ 003/y1797e/y1797e09.htm 26. Arshad M.A., Franzluebbers A.J. and Azooz R.H.,1999-Components of surface soil structure under conventional and no-till in northwestern Canada. Soil and Tillage Research ,53.41 – 47p. 27. Aruna K.,and Sivaramakrishnan V. M., 1992- Anticarcinogenic effects of some Indian plant products, Food Chem Toxicol., 30, 11, 953-956. 28. Aslam M.,2006-Guidelines for Cultivation, Collection, Conservation and Propagation of Medicinal Herbs .Introduction of Medicinal Herbs and Spices, Crop Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Islamabad, 129p. 29. Assefa B.A. , Schoenau J.J. and Grevers M.C.J.,2004- Effects of four annual applications of manure on Black Chernozemic soils. Canadian Biosystems Engineeing.46:39-46. 30. Ateia EM, Osman YAH., and Meawad AEAH., 2009- Effect of organic fertilization on yield and active constituents of Thymus vulgaris L. under North Sinai conditions. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences. 5(4): 555-565. 31. Ati A.S., Al-Sahaf F.H., Wally D. H. and Thamir T.E., 2013- Effect of potassium Hamate Fertilizer and Irrigation Rate of Potato Yield and Consumptive Use under Drip Irrigation Method .Journal of Agriculture and Technology. A3(10): 803- 810. 32. Ayub M., 2008- Effect of different sowing methods and times on the growth and yield of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare MILL.). Pakistan J. Bot.40, 259-264. 33. Azzaz N.A.E., Hassan A.E. and Hamadi E.H.,2009-The Chemical Constituent and Vegetative and Yielding Characteristics of FennelPlants Treated with Organic and Bio fertilizer Instead of Mineral Fertilizer. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(2): 579-587. 34. Badina K.B.,2004-Ocnobe Akronomie, bod red Badinoe, I.Leninkr. Otd- nie,Russia, 448 p. 35. Badran F.S. and Safwat M.S., 2004- Response of fennel plants to organic manure and bio-fertilizers in replacement of chemical fertilization. Egypt. J. Agric. Res., 82(2): 247- 256. 36. Bahadur A., Singh J., Upadhyay A.K. and Singh K.P., 2003- Effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality attributes of broccoli. Vegetable Science, 30 (2): 192-194. 37. Bahati D.S., 1990- Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) on loamy sand soils. thd. Y. Agric. Sci. 60, 388-394. 38. Bakdonov B.M.,2008-Ta in.Lviv ski derjafni acararni Yniversitit-Lviv: LDAY,432P. 39. Balanenko A.M.,2009 – Ctshe dotsenalna mate cifalko totshovo ficivo zernofikh – tekhika A N K .,3,121 P. 40. Behera, S., Nagarajan S. and Rao L.J.M.,2004- Microwave heating and conventional roasting of cumin Seeds(Cuminum cyminum L.) and effect on chemical composition of volatiles. Food Chemistry, 87(1): 25-29. 41. Beis S.H., Azcan N.A, Özek T, Kara M. and Baser K.H.C.,2000- The production of essential oil from cumin seeds. Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 36(3):265-268. 42. Betonovski B.E.,2002 – Fozdelefania Korokh B Tshekia Zernobo ,Agronom., Kive.,No 6, 260p. 43. Bhawalkar V. and Bhawalkar U.,1991-Vermiculture Biotecnology (Eds). Bhawalkar Earthworm Research institute. Pune, 41 p44. Biasi L.A., Machado E.M., Kowalski A.P., Signor D., Alves M.A., Lima F.I., Deschamps C., Cocco L.C. and Scheer A.P., 2009- Organic fertilization in the production, yield and chemical composition of basil chemotype eugenol, Horticultura Brasileira. 27(1): 35-39. 45. Bisla, S.S., Singhrot R.S. and Chauhan S.S.,1984- Effect of growing media on seed germination and growth of Ber. Haryana J. Hort. Sci., 13(3-4): 118-122. 46. Bolof I.I.,1999 – Kakoe Sbosb O brabtke Botshfe –J.Zernofe Kyltore,No 2, Odecca,215 p. 47. Bot A. and Benites J.,2005-The importance of soil organic matter;Key to drought- resistant soil and sustained food production; Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations, FAO Soils Bulletien, NO 80,FAO,Rome,78p. 48. British Pharmacopoeia.,1963- Determination of volatile oil in drug. The pharmaceutical press, London. 49. Brotckov F.,2011-Cefa abarot Na zerno, M.,Kolous, 351P. 50. Brotse P.P.,2012- Kormofi bobi- Iviv: HBF,Ykraincki tekhnoloki . 144P. 51. Burmeister J. and Vonguttengberg H.,1986-Rasten med, Jor.OCXI, No(1),Odecc. bet. 350p. 52. Camp C.r.,1994-Effect of Soil Competion on Cotton, Crops and Soils,196p. 53. Cannel R.Q. and Hawes J.D.,1994-Trends in tillage practices in relation to sustainable crop production with special reference to temperate climates, Soil and Tillage Research,30,245-282p. 54. Cape J.N., 2003- Effect of air borne volatile organic compounds on plant, Environmental Pollution, 122(1), 145-147. 55. Carbinco AN., 2014- Ciliseca Khazays vinni, Masheni,b-c ezd.,bod-M.: Agr abromisdat, 527 p.56. Celik I., Ortas I. and Kilic S.,2004- Effects of compost, mycorrhiza, manure and fertilizer on some physical properties of a Chromoxerert soil . Soil & Tillage Research, 78 : 59–67 57. Clark F.E.,1995-Living Organisms in the Soil ,USDA Year book,Washington,D.C.,365P. 58. Collins H.P., Boydston R.A., Alva A. K. A., Piece F.and Hamm P.,2005-Reduced tillage in three year potato Rotation Proceedings, Washington State Potato Conference .vol 44, 243-267.(Inpress). 59. Cussans G.W.,2005 – Weed control in reduced cultivation and direct drilling system. Outlook Agric.8:241-242 p. 60. Darzi M. and Hadi M.,2012- Effects of organic manure and nitrogen fixing bacteria on some essential oil components of coriander (Coriandrum sativum).International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. Vol., 4 (12), 787-792. 61. Davamejad G., Haghniya G., Shahbazi H. and Mohammd I.R., 2002- Study the effect of compost and manure in the production of sugar. J. Agri. Sci., 16: 75-83. 62. Davis C.H., 2004-Plant physiology,London,Br.,No.117,311-316p. 63. De M., De A.K., Mukhopadhyay R., Banerjee A.B. and Miró M., 2003-Antimicrobial activity of Cuminum cyminum L.. Ars Pharmaceutica. 44(3):257-269. 64. Dickerson B.P.,1976 – Soil changes resulting from Tree- Length Skidding, Soil Sci.Soc,Am.Proc.,40,965-966 p. 65. Dubey P.N., Saxena S.N., Mishra B.K., Solanki R.K., Vishal M.K., Singh B., Sharma L.K., John S., Agarwal D. and Yogi A., 2017- Preponderance of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) essential oil constituents across cumin growing Agro-Ecological Sub Regions, ICAR- India National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Tabiji, 305206, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.Volume 95, Pages 50-5966. Eyhorn F. and Ratter S.G., 2005-Organic cotton training manual, Research institute of organic agriculture (FIBL), Switzerland,13 –33 P. 67. El-Akabawy M.A.,2010- Effect of some bio fertilizers and farmyard manure on yield and nutrient uptake of Egyptian clover grown on lomy sand soil.Egypt.J.Agric.Rec.78(5). 68. Elke J. and Sauerborn P., 1988/b(1)-Weeds of West Asia, ICARDA,426P. 69. Elsahooki M.M. and Eldabas E.E.,1982- One leaf dimension to estimate leaf area in sunflower. Agronomy and Crop Science, 151, 199-204. 70. EL-Sawi S. and Mohammed M.A., 2002-Cumin herbs as a new source of essential oils and its response to foliar spray with some microelements. Food chem., 77:75-80. 71. Erickson A.E.,1990 – The Relation of Plant Growth and Yield to Soil m Oxygen Availability,7 Int. Cong. Soil Sci.,3,434p. 72. Ershof A.C.,2009 – Nitrate Ozimkh korokh, khemizatsia, Seleskovo khazaictfa,No7,204 p. 73. Evanylo G., Sherony C., Spargo J., Starner D., Brosius M. and Haering K., 2008-Soil and water environmental effects of fertilizer, manure and compost-based fertility practices in an organic vegetable cropping system. Agricultural Ecosystem and environment, 127:50-58P. 74. FAO(Food Agriculture Organization).,2018- Statistics of crops, www.fao.org. 75. Forouzandeh M., Karimian M.A. and Mohkami Z.,2014- Effect of water stress and different types of organic fertilizers on essential oil content and yield components of Cuminum cyminum. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 4(3):533-53676. Franken berger W.T. and Abdelmagid H.M., 1985- Kinetic parameters of nitrogen mineralisation rates of leguminous crops incorporated into soil. Plant and soil, 87: 257-271. 77. Frere M.H.,2011 –Botshva Naok., Mockv. Redak. Ylitsa Kamarnika, Russia, 209 p. 78. Gachkar L.,Yadegari D.,Rezaei M.B.,Taghizadeh M.,Astaneh S.A.,and Rasooli I.,2007-Chemical and biological characteristics of Cuminum cyminum and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils, Food Chemistry,102 (3): 898-904 pages. 79. Georgiev E.,1973 –Racten efo., Keiv CXAK, Batren Redak., Ykraina,483p. 80. Glamboalvo D.,Stringl L., Amato G. and De Micll G.,1999 – Influenza di lavorazione del terreno e di controllo delle infestantl dulla produttivita della favada granella. Riv.Dl Agron.33:163 -169 p. 81. Gohari A.R. and Saeidnia S., 2011–A Review on Phytochemistry of Cuminum cyminum seeds and its Standards from Field to Market, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tahran, 1-5 pages. 82. Grandy S., Porter G. and Erich M.S.,2002- Organic amendment and rotation crop effects on the recovery of soil organic matter and aggregation in potato cropping systems. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 66(4):1311-1319. 83. Grubinger V.,2001 – Ten steps Toward – Organic weed control. Vegetable and Berry specialist,Eu,540-547P. 84. Gujarat M., 1998 -Investigate the effects of weather on the growth and development of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.).Indian Journal of Agronomy, 36, 212-216 pages. 85. Hadid A.,2004- Medicinal and herbal plant cultivation. Amman, Jordan, 296p. 86. Hagan D., Escobedo JF., Toor S.G., Mayer H., Klein J., and Dobbs C., 2013 -Soil Bulk Density and Organic Matter in Urban MiamiDade County. Florida . University of Florida IFAS Extension, Publication #SL 327 . USA. 87. Haghighat A., A. H., Shirani Rad and S., Seyfzadeh, 2013. Effect cattle manure and plant density on morph physiological traits of sweet corn in second cultivation by different culture methods. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. 5(2) 177-182. 88. Hajlaoui H.,Mighri H.,Noumi E.,Snoussi M.,Trabelsi N.,Ksouri R.,Bakhrouf A.,2010-Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Tunisian Cuminum cyminum L. Essential Oil: a high effectiveness against Vibrio spp.strains. Food and Chemical Toxicology,48(8/9),2186-2192 pages. 89. Hamza M. A., and Anderson W.K., 2005- Soil compaction in cropping systems. A review of the nature, causes, and possible solutions. Soil and Tillage Research , 82(2):12-145. 90. Hanafy A.H.,Nesiem M. R. A.and Sallam H.E.E.,2016- Effect of organic manures, biofertilizer and NPK mineral fertilizer on growth, yield, chemical composition and nitrate accumulation of sweet pepper plants. Recent Technology in Agriculture, Proceedings of the 2nd congress. Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University,v.4:932-955. 91. Hani N.2013- Role of Conservation Agriculture on Soil Fertility and Moisture Content. NCARE. Email:[email protected]. 92. Hanson J.B., 2016-Root Selectors of Plants Nutrients. Plant Food Rev., Spring, 420p. 93. Havlin J. L., Beaton J. D., Tisdale S. L., and Nelson W. L., 2005-Soil Fertility and fertilizers. 7th ed. An introduction to nutrient management . upper Saddle River. New Jersey. U.S.A. 94. Heald W.R., 1996- Effect of Tillage, No Tillage and Mulch on Soil Water and Plant Growth. Agronomy, No(9),299p. 95. Henry D., 2007- Fundamentals of Soil Science,6 ed. England by John Wiley and sons. All reserved.,544 p.96. Hirasa K. and Takemasa M., 1998- Cooking With Spices- In Spice Science and Technology. Marcel Dekker. New York, pp70. http://www.royalthai-cuisine.com http://www.theepicentre,com/spices/cumin.html. 97. Hubbard R.K.,2004-The effects of conservation tillage and cover crops on physical properties of Coastal plain Soils. Agronomy. 241p. 98. Huet R., 1991 -Les Huvilles essentielles d'agrumes Fruits. psychologies. 46(5), pages: 551-576. 99. Hunkova E., 2014 – Weed occuorrence in Maize under different soil tillage .Journal of central European agriculture. Vol 5.No.1,220 p. 100. Ianin B.V,2000-Obrobotka Botshve, Klavnie Sbocob Corniakame, Zemledelie, No30,216p. 101. ICARDA RESEARCH HIGHLIQHTS.,1984 – puplished by The International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas.96p. 102. Ifantskei P.M.,2009 –Tshe fekodna fipashifate ozimo bobofie za Intencifnoctyo tekhmolokyo Bymokh ekanomitsho krizi Propazitsia nofi Zakhicto roclen shokoforatnele kruzi dodatok do jor ,Berez, 212p. 103. Igram C.,2002-Cumin oil as a plant and spice, Literature search services,1-6 pages 104. Isakov P.K.,2002- The aromatic plants , Uragai,Kiev, 2-31 p. 105. Ishikawa T., Takayanagi T. and Kitajima J., 2002- Water-Soluble Constituents of Cumin: Monoterpenoid Glucosides. Showa Pharmaceutical University .Tokyo .Japan. 50(11) 1471—1478p. 106. Jahan M., Koocheki A., Nassiri M. and Dehghanipoor F., 2007- The effects of different manure levels and two branch management methods on organic production of Cucurbita pepo. L. Journal of Iranian Field Crop Research; 5(2):281–9.107. Johnson J.N.,2004 – Effects of Tillage, No Tillage and Mulch on Soil Water and Plant Growth. Agronomy Journal (61): 719 -721 p. 108. Joy P.P., Thomas J., Mathew S., Jose G. and Joseph J., 2001-Aromatic plants, Tropical Horticulture,2, 633-733 pages. 109. Kafi M., 1990- Study on weed control number, row spacing and plant density on growth and yield of cumin(Cuminum cyminum L.). Master of Science Thesis of Agronomy, Ferdowsi Univ. Mashhad., Mashhad,Iran. 110. Kafi M., 2002- Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) production and Processing. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad press, p. 195. 111. Kafi M., 2006-Cumin, production and processing. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad :195 p. (Article in Persian). 112. Kaya Y., Evci G., Durak S., Pekcan V. and Gücer T.,2007- Determining the relationship between yield and yield attributes in sunflower, Turkey Agriculture Research Institute,31(4):237-244p. 113. Kalidasu G.,2008-Efficacy of biofertilizers on the performance of rainfed coriander( Coriandrum sativum) in vertisols. Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crop,17(2):98-102. 114. Kan Y.,Kartal M.,Ozek T.,Aslan S.and Baser K.H.,2007-Composition of Essential Oil of Cuminum cyminum L. According to Harvesting Times, European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ,4(1),25-29 pages. 115. Kandill A. M.,2002- The effect of fertilizers for conventional and organic farming on yield and oil quality of fennel (Foeniculum vulgate Mill) . Egypt. M. Sci. Thesis, Fac. of Agric. Zagaig Uni. Zagazig, Egypt.V(1):136-147. 116. Kaur D. and Sharma R.,2012-An Update on Pharmacological Properties of Cumin. IJRPS (International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Science), 2(4),14-27. ISSN: 2249–3522 117. Kellogg C.E.,1989-Shifting Cultivation, Soil Science,95,230p.118. Kerfof K.N.,2007-Biolagishickekh Ocnofnukh Ractenifoditsfa-2-e.izd,pererap.i.gob-Moskfa fashi shkola,408P. 119. Khalid K.A. and Shafei A.M., 2005- Productivity of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) as influenced by different organic manure rates and sources. Arab Universities J. Agric. Sci.,13(3): 901-913 120. Khan N I., Malik A U., Umer F. and Bodla M I., 2010-Effect of Tillage and Farm Yard Manure on Physical Properties of Soil, International Research Journal of Plant Science, 1:75-82. 121. Khare M.N.and Tiwari S. P.,2013- Utility of microorganisms antagonistic to plant pathogens in crop disease control. In: Crop Disease Management and Microbes, Nehra, S. (ed.).Pointer Publishers, Jaipur, India. 122. Khare M.N., Tiwari S.P.and Sangvikar Roopa V.,2012-Botanicals in crop disease control. In: Modern Trends in Microbial Biodiversity of Natural Ecosysytem, Eds. Sinha A, Sharma BK, Srivastava M, Biotech Books, New Delhi, 455-492 p. 123. Khiriya K.D., Singh B.P. and Taneja K.D., 2003-Effect of farmyard manure and phosphorus levels on yield, quality and nutrient uptake by fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum L.).Forge-Research, 28 (4): 210-214. 124. Kittrick J.H.,2001 – Better crops with plant food. J.Agronomy. No(9), USA, Verjen.,314p. 125. Klutev A.,2008 – Tillage effects on hydraulic properties of soil. Areview.In: Predicting Tillage Effects on Soil Physical Properties and Processes. P.W.Unger and Van Doren, D.M.(eds.)ASA Special Publication, No.44:29-43 p. 126. Kmishra A. and Kulkarni S.D.,2009- Physical properties of Cumin Seeds as a Function of Moisture Content. Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabi Bagh, Bhopal,Agricultural Engineering Today, 33(1): 33-40p.127. Krnev M.,2006 –Obrobotka botchfa, cevermno Raeon. Zemladilia, NO(16):,214 P. 128. Lal R.,1991-Tillage and agricultural Sustainability, Soil and Tillage Research 20:146p. 129. Lal R.,2006- No- till farming: Soil and water conservation and sub- humid tropics. IITA Monograph No .2, Ibadan,Nigeria, 266 p. 130. Lavabri M.,2012-Cumin oil, Literature search services,1-4pages 131. Lawrence B M., 1986-Essential oil production. A discussion of influencing factors. In T.H.Parliment, & R.Croteau (Eds.), Biogeneration of aroma. New York. Am. Chem. Soc., pp. 363-369. 132. Likhatshvor F.F.,Konets V.A.and Onishok E.M.,2009 – Stryktyra Yrajaio ozimoi Bshenetsa: Journ.f monotrafia – Iviv, ykraina, 200 p. 133. LikhatshvorF.F.,2017-Zernofebod. Lviv: HBV, Ykrainck. Texnolok. 624p. 134. Likhatshvor F.F.,2018-Verashi fania Cuminum cyminum L. f obtni stantsia Lvivcki Kosodarst, yniversit. journ. XOZ.No16, 240p. 135. Lindwall C.W.,1984– Minimizimg Tillage Operations. Soil Conservation –Providing for the Future. Christian Farmers Federation.Lethbridge, 415 p. 136. Loecke T.D., 2004-Corn growth responses to composted and fresh solid swine manures. Crop Sci., 44: 177-84. 137. Lyzonk M.E.,2005–Blackarezne Abrabotka Botshva. Lviv. Akadem.C.X.,Lviv,Ykrain. 296 p. 138. Mahfouz S.A. and Sharaf-Eldi M.A., 2007- Effect of mineral vs.biofertilizer on growth, yield and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Int.Agrophysics,21: 361-366p. 139. Makhlayk B.B.,1975- Lekarctfeni Ractin.F Narodn.Medutcin._ Caratof: Proflj. KH. EZd-fo, 680p. 140. Malini T.and Vanithakumari G., 1987- Estogenic activity of Cumimum Cyminum in rats, Indian. J. Exp. Biol., 25, 7, 442-444.141. Mallanagouda B.,1995- Effects of NPK and fym on growth parameters of onion, garlic and coriander. J. of Medicinal and Aromatic plant Sciences, 4:916-918. 142. Matfeef B.,2004-Aroptomizdad,M.,NO6,431P. 143. Mollazade K., Ahmadi H., Khorshidi J., Rajabipour A. and Mohtasebi S.S., 2009-Moisture-dependent physical and mechanical properties of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seed. Int J Agric & Biol Eng. 2(2): 49－56. 144. Molotcki A.,2011–Practical methods are needed to farmer. Molotchova., 368 p. 145. Muhammad D. and Khattak R.A., 2009- Studied the growth and nutrient concentrations of maize in pressmud treated saline-sodic soils.Soil Environ., 28: 145-155. 146. Nadeem M. and Riaz A. ,2012- Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) as a potential source of antioxidants, Pakistan, Pakistan Journal of Food Sciences , Volume 22, Issue 2, Page(s): 101-107 . 147. Naghibi F., Mosaddegh M., Motamed S.M. and Ghorbani A.,2005-Labiatae family in folk medicine in Iran from ethno botany to pharmacology Irania. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2:63-79. 148. Naidoo N., 2007 –The essential oils from Cymbogon validus, Department of Biotechnology at the Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 155p. 149. Naguib N.Y. M., 2011- Organic Vs Chemical Fertilization of Medicinal Plants: A Concise Review of researchers. Advances in Environmental Biology, 5(2):394-400 . 150. Najm A.A., Haj Seyed Hadi M.R., Fazeli F., Darzi M.T. and Rahi A.R., 2012- Effect of Integrated Management of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Cattle Manure on the Leaf Chlorophyll, Yield and Tuber Glycoalkaloids of Agria Potato. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 43:912–923.151. Nandekar D.N. and Swarkar S.D.,1990- Nutritional Data, Coriander Seed, per 100 gm. Nutritional .Self.com. Conde Nast. Retrieved 10 August 2013. 152. Nichola M.Z.,2010–Fliania obrabotka botshva na yrajae, Lvov,Vkr, 45P. 153. Noorhosseini S.A, Ashoori L.D., Allahyari M.S. and Masooleh P.D., 2011- Socio-economic factors for adoption of medicinalplants cultivation in Eshkevarat region, north of Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 5(1): 30-38p. 154. Olsen S.R, Cole C.V., Watanabe F.S. and Dean L.A.,1954- Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. National government publication. Washington, D.C.: United States, Department of Agriculture Circular, no 935. 155. Onnina D.D.,2008-Tekhnolokia Firashifania Kfacoli Zakhidnomy Licoctibi Ykraina, informatsonie lustok, NO12, Iviv, Ivivcki, MTSNTE, 330P. 156. Oroojalian F.,Kasra K.R.,Azizi M. and Bassami M.R., 2010-Synergistic antibacterial activity of the essential oils from three medicinal plants against some important food-borne pathogens by microdilution method, Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants,26(2):133-146 p. 157. Osman YAH., 2009- Comparative study of some agricultural treatments effects on plant growth, yield and chemical constituents of some fennel varieties under Sinai conditions. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences. 5(4): 541-554. 158. Page J.B.,1991-Cropping Systems and Soil Properties. Soil Sci: n Am.Proc.,11,188p. 159. Pala M., Haddad A. and Piggin C., 2007-Challenges and opportunities for Conservation Cropping: ICARDA Experience in DryAreas, Proceedings, Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Land Management to improve the Liveihood of people in Dry Areas, Damascus-Syria. 160. Palaniappan S.P. and Siddeswaran K., 1994- Integrated nutrients management in rice based cropping systems. Proceedings of the XIII National Symposium on integrated input management for efficient crop production, 22-25, Coimbatore, India,: 41-53. 161. Palm C.A., Gachengo C.N., Delve C.N., Cadisch G. and Giller K.E., 2001- Organic inputs for soil fertility management in tropical agroecosystems: Application of an organic resource database. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 83: 27-42. 162. Pandey S., Patel M.K., Mishra A. and Jha B.,2016-In planta transformed cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) plants, overexpressing the SbNHX1 gene showed enhanced salt endurance. PLOS ONE 11 : e0159349. 163. Patel N.D.; Patel Y.B. and Mankad A.U.,2013- Evaluating growth and development of Cuminum cyminum, L. under different fertigations. International Journal of Pharmacy and Life Science, 5(11):3977-3981. 164. Peters D.B.,2006 –Organic agriculture. Agronomy.Lviv universi, No(136) , 96-101 p. 165. Petretto G.L., FancelloF., Bakhy K., ALFaizC., SibawayhZ., Chessa M., ZaraS., Sanna M.L., Maldini M., Rourke J.P. and Pintore G.,2018- Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Cuminum cyminum L. collected in different areas of Morocco. Food Bioscience. Morocco.Volume 22, 50-58p. 166. Petrof M.,1991-Zemledelia Jorn, ocnofnou obrobotke botshfa u ecobna zernafou ie ,M.,Kolos 24,116p.167. Poggi A. R.and Milletti M., 1949 -Isolation of cuminole (cuminaldehyde) and the preparation of some derivatives. Annalidi Chimica Applicata, 39, 582-587 pages. 168. Pringle H. C. and Martin S. W., 2003- Yield response and economic implications to In-row Subsoil Tillage and sprinkler irrigation. The journal of sciences, 7, 185-193. 169. Raghavan G.S.V., 1991-Soil compaction-Aglobal Perspective. Proceedings of a soil compaction Workshop held in Lethbridge, 5-45p. 170. Raghavan S., 2007-Handbook of spices, seasonings, and flavorings. 2nd Ed. CRC Press,Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton,Florida, 330P. 171. Rahimian M.H., 1991-Effect of sowing date and irrigation regime on growth and yield of cumin. Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology. 172. Rahman A.R.,Iqbal C.M.,Afgan F.,Aftab A.,Zafar M.I.,Baser D.F. and Husnuan K.,2016-Anti fungal Activity and essential oil constituents of same species from Pakistan,Journal of Chemical Society of Pakistan,22,60-65 p. 173. Rai N., Yadav S., Verma A.K., Tiwari L. and Sharma R., 2012- A Monographic Profile on Quality Specifications for a Herbal Drug and Spice of Commerce- Cuminum cyminum L., International Journal of Advanced Herbal Science and Technology, Volume 1, Issue 1, 1-12p. Retrieved from http://www.ars-grin.gov /cgibin/ npgs/html/ taxon.pl-12617. 174. Retzer J.L.,2005 – Soil Development in the Rocky Mountains, Soil Sci.Soc.Am.Proc.,13:446-448 p. 175. Romanenko F.F.,2009-Firachifania Bodcolnotchek f Sefa Obarota, Journal zemlidilia,No.2,224p. 176. Russel A.,2007-Plant and Crop rotation. Land use, No6, 210p.177. Saboor B.M., 2004-The effect of different levels of manure application on cumin yield in Gonabad city. National conference of Cuminum Cyminum. Sbzevar, Iran, 88-89 pp. 178. Safwat M.S., Badran F.S. and Zayed G.A., 2001- Response of anise plants to different organic and biofertilization treatments. The 10 Conf. of Medicinal and Aromatic plants, Cairo, Egypt. 179. Safwat M.S. and Badran F.S., 2002- Efficiency of organic – and bio-fertilizers, in comparison with chemical fertilization, on growth yield and essential oil of cumin plants. The 9thConf.of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Cairo, Egypt. 180. Sahana K., Nagarajan S., Jagan L. and Rao M., 2011- Chapter 50 -Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Seed Volatile Oil: Chemistry and Role in Health and Disease Prevention. Science Direct. 417-427p. 181. Saiko B.F.,2008-Zemloobrobotki na cefer. Raion,Kuiv: inctitot zemlarabotka YAAN,480P. 182. Saini G. R., 1966- Organic Matter as a Measure of Bulk Density of Soil . Journal of Nature, 210( 5042 ) : 1295 – 1296 . 183. Salve P.D., Patel R.R., Patel R.M. and Patel A.S.,2017-Cultivation and production cost of cumin in Banaskantha district of north Gujarat. Internat. Res. J. Agric. Eco. & Stat., 8 (1): 138-142 pp. 184. Sambaiah K. and Srinivasan K., 1991- Effect of cumin, cinnamon, ginger, mustard and tamarind in induced hypercolesterolemic rats, Nahrung., 35(1): 47-51. 185. Santos M.F, Mendonca M.C, Carvalho Filho J.L.S, Dantas I.B, Silva-Mann R. and Blank A.F., 2009- Cattle manure and biofertilizer on the cultivation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais. 11(4): 355-359. 186. Scheffer M.C, Ronzelli Junior P. and Koehler H.S.,1993-Influence of organic fertilization on the biomass ,yield and composition ofthe essential oil of Achillea millefolium L., Acta Horticulturae, 331:109-114. 187. Shaath N.A. and Azzo N.R.,1993-Essential oil of Egypt .in G.Charalambous (Ed.), Food flavor ingredients and composition, Amsterdam: Elsevier Sci. Pub., 591-603P. 188. Shajari M., MoghaddamP., Ghorbani R.and Mahallati M.,2014- Effects of organic, biological and chemical fertilizers on vegetative indices and essential oil content of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Journal of Agroecology. Vol 6, No 3, 668 p. 189. Shapar A.H.,2008 – Fozdelifania zernafekh, Mockfa: Acaranaia Nayka,336 p. 190. Sims J.T. and Wolf D.C., 1994-Poultry waste management: Agricultural and environmental issues. Adv. Agron. 52:1-83. 191. Singh K.K. and Goswami T.K., 2000- Thermal properties of cumin seed. Journal of Food Engineering, 45(4): 181-187p. 192. Shashkof K.K.,2005 –Effecate fnact plaskarezne Obrabtke – Zemledelia,No-9,220 p. 193. Sidrof V.,2010-Razfetua system osnofneue obrabotka potchfa na tchornomzemnkh,No:11,179p. 194. Simpson M. G., 2006 -Plant Systematics. Elsevier Academic Press, Printed in Canada, 590 pages. 195. Singh R.P.and Gangadharappa H.V.,2017- Mruthunjaya K Cuminum cyminum – A Popular Spice: An Updated Review.A Multifaceted Journal in the field of Natural Products and Pharmacognosy, 9(3):292-301. 196. Sodobni A.,2006 – Stabilna Orajaia, Zernfia Koltore. Jorn.Ocxu, Odessa,212p. 197. Soltanpour S. and Jourgholami M., 2013-Soil Bulk Density and Porosity Changes due to Ground-based Timber Extraction in theHyrcanian Forest. Journal of Notulae Scientia Biologicae ,5(2):263-269. 198. Stankov H.A.,1964-Kornivai sistema bolifekh Koltor., M, Kolos, Mock. 280P. 199. Sydnzhad O.H. and Rezvani M.C.,2009-Evaluate the effect of compost, vermincompost and manure on yield, yield components and essential oil of cumin (Cuminum cyminum). J. of Horticultural Science (Agricultural Sciences and technology). 24(2):142-148. 200. Tadesse T., Dechassa N., Bayu W.and Gebeyehu S., 2013- Effects of Farmyard Manure and Inorganic Fertilizer Application on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties and Nutrient Balance in Rain-Fed Lowland Rice Ecosystem. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 4:309-316. 201. Talaei G.H., Mohammad R.V., Hassan S., Ebrahim S., Sabbagh E. and Khashayar R.,2014-Influence of Biological And Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizers on Grain Yield And Yield Components of Fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare Mill.).Int. J. Biosci. 4(9):206-211.plant Sciences, 4:916-918. 202. Tamminen P. and Starr M., 1994 - Bulk density of forested mineral soils. Silva Fennica Journal , 28 (1): 53 – 60. 203. Taran A.A.,2008 – Sadi Korad,Bezshkidnik ta khvarob, kuiv, kuivka, 262p. 204. Tbaileh A. N., Haddad N., Hattar B . and Kharallah K .,2007-Effect of Some Agricultural Practices on Cumin(Cuminum Cyminum L.) Productivity under Rainfed Conditions of Jordan. Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Volume 3, No.2, 103-116. 205. The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey., 2002-Innovative Soil-Plant Systems for Sustainable Agricultural Practices Proceeding of an International workshop organized by the University of Ankara – Faculty of Agriculture – Department of SoilScience -Izmir – Turkey . Edited by James M. L., J. S. Schepers and I. Unver . 206. Tikhanov A.B.,1997-Klakasberekaioshe Abrabotka Botshfe B Odesske Oblacte,Odessa,Maiak,186p.11-21p . 207. Tikhanov A.B., 1999 –Dynamical analysis to various kinds of straw in earth. Aerokhimia, No.6, 52 -58 p. 208. Tikhanov A.B. and Sfetkof C., 2001 – Bruodetcheskikh Fisbachka Neobkhadema , Zemlidilia,No: 5,96p. 209. Tikhanov A.B., 2004–Brotefoarozeia Recyrcocberecaioshai Cictema Obrabotke Botshfe f cteb uejni Odessa, Zemledelia, 262p. 210. Torof A.K., 1996-Metodeka Klacificki Tcfeta Macla Cemena Maclenie Kyltore,EZd.Kuif.Novi.,Ykpania,120p. 211. Torshenko L.M.,2008 – Intencifna tekhnalokoa firshivania Korokh propazitsia, NO4,147P. 212. Tsynina H.M.,1988-Cultivation in crop rotation, Land use,No.12,32-34p. 213. UN ComTrade., 2019-Comtrade Database, available at: https://comtrade.un.org/data/. 214. Unger P.W., 2004 -Managing agricultural residues, Bush land, Texas, USA: Lewis Publishers, 448 p. 215. USDA (United States Department of Agriculture).,2013- Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area, Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Retrieved from https: www.ars.grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.p1- 12617. 216. Vadionin A.and Korshagin C.,1968-Botshvedenie obshe Zemledelie ocnofane Botshvedenie,M.,646 P,64-65p. 217. Van Doren D.M.,1981-Mulch and Tillage Relationships in Corn Culture. Soil Sci. Am. Proc.,37, 766p.218. Vankofitch K.N.,2007-Ob Becblojnaia sisteme, Zemladilia. No22-52p. 219. Varo P., 1970-Importance of cumin oil. J. Agric. Food Chem., No 18, Bulgaria, 234p. 220. Walkely A. and Black I.A.,1934 -An examination of the degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 37:29-38. 221. Weber J.,Karczewska A., Drozd J., Licznar M., Licznar S. and Jamroz E.,2007- Agricultural and ecological aspects of a sandy soil as affected by the application of municipal solid waste composts. Soil Biol. Biochem., 39(6):1294-1302. 222. Weiqiang L., Xiaojing L., Hailong Q., Jialing S.and Deyu D., 2004-Two phase tillage: A quick method for crop production in saline soils. Agrifood Res. Report. No. 68 :66-72. 223. Weiss E.A., 2002-Umbelliferae. In: Spice Crops, CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 261-268. 224. Williams R.J.B., 1970- Relations between the composition of soils and physical measurements made on them. Rep. Rothamsted Exp. Stu. For 1970. Pt (2). 225. Yadav B.D. and Khurana S.C.,2000- Effect of plant population and row spacing on quality of seed produced by different order umbels in transplanted Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). CCS Haryana Agricultural University. Department of vegetable crops, Hisar 125004 Haryana , India.V29 (3-4) p.233-235. 226. Yrkevetsh A.B.,2004 –Cectema Ydobrene ,Zernofo Khazaictfo, No 12,212p. 227. Zare D., Bakhshipour A. and Chen G., 2013- Physical properties of cumin and caraway seeds –Int. Agrophysics , 27, 491-494p.228. Zolleh H. H.,Bahraminejad S.,Maleki G. and Papzan A.H., 2009 - Response of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) to sowing date and plant density. Res. J. Agric. Bio. Sci., 5(4):597-602.